@article{Park, author = {Park, Chan-Kook}, title = {목적론적 입장에서 본 행복: 아리스토텔레스와 프롬을 중심으로 [Happiness from a teleological perspective: Focusing on Aristotle and Fromm]}, series = {동서사상 학술저널 [Academic Journal of East-West-Thought], Vol. 11 (2011a), pp. 1-28. [Print ISSN 1975-5279]}, journal = {동서사상 학술저널 [Academic Journal of East-West-Thought], Vol. 11 (2011a), pp. 1-28. [Print ISSN 1975-5279]}, abstract = {이 연구는 플라톤에서 아리스토텔레스, 그리고 토마스 아퀴나스와 헤겔에 이르는 서양철학의 고전적 전통을 지배했던 목적론에 입각하여 행복이라는 문제에 대해서 고찰하려고 한다. 이러한 목적론은 인간을 비롯한 모든 존재자들이 자신들에게 주어져 있는 본질적인 형상을 실현하는 것을 목표한다고 보는 본질실현의 목적론이다. 이러한 본질실현의 목적론은 근대에서 지배적인 영향력을 행사했던 자기보존의 목적론과는 달리 모든 존재자들은 단순한 자기보존이나 종족번식을 넘어서 자신에게 부여된 본질적인 형상을 구현하는 것을 목표한다고 본다. 본 연구는 인간의 행복은 이러한 본질실현의 목적론을 전제로 할 경우에만 제대로 구명될 수 있다고 보면서, 이러한 사실을 본질실현의 목적론에 입각하여 인간을 파악했던 가장 대표적인 사상가인 아리스토텔레스와 에리히 프롬의 행복관을 고찰함으로써 입증하고자 했다.}, language = {ko} } @article{Meyer, author = {Meyer, Gerd}, title = {Zivilcourage - eine unbequeme B{\"u}rgertugend}, series = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 109-120.}, journal = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 109-120.}, language = {de} } @article{Harbarth, author = {Harbarth, Stephan}, title = {Zivilcourage im freiheitlich-demokratischen Rechtsstaat}, series = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 142-148.}, journal = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 142-148.}, language = {de} } @article{Muessig, author = {M{\"u}ßig, Klaus}, title = {Zivilcourage bei Adolf Reichwein. Historische Rahmenbedingungen von Reichweins Wirkungsfeld}, series = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 68-72.}, journal = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 68-72.}, language = {de} } @misc{Bartkowicz, author = {Bartkowicz, Anna}, title = {Zdrowe społeczeństwo według Ericha Fromma [Healthy Society by Erich Fromm], Master's thesis, Political Sciences, Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University in Krak{\´o}w, Poland 2011.}, abstract = {Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza pogląd{\´o}w Ericha Fromma dotyczących właściwego funkcjonowania społeczeństwa. Przedstawia ona fragment jego wieloletniej tw{\´o}rczości z dziedziny badań nad zachowaniem poszczeg{\´o}lnych jednostek oraz ich relacji w stosunku do całości społeczeństwa. Podstawowym zagadnieniem jest odpowied{\'{z}} na pytanie: czy jest możliwe stworzenie dobrego społeczeństwa według wytycznych jakie przedstawia Fromm. Niezbędnym elementem jest analiza biografii niemieckiego myśliciela oraz tła historycznego, z kt{\´o}rych wynika wiele wniosk{\´o}w dotyczących jego p{\´o}{\'{z}}niejszych pogląd{\´o}w. Na podstawie długich lat pracy z lud{\'{z}}mi Fromm pisze szereg książek dotyczących relacji międzyludzkich, kt{\´o}re przekładają się na relację w społeczeństwie. W tej pracy pragnę wykazać, iż Fromm nie tworzy utopii w tradycyjnym znaczeniu, tworzy on wizję drogi do niego, kt{\´o}ra jednak u swego celu nie jest nieosiągalnym ideałem, tylko rzeczywistym światem ludzi zadowolonych z siebie. W zakończeniu zawarta jest kr{\´o}tka analiza wpływu jego tw{\´o}rczości na świat od czasu ukazania się >Zdrowego społeczeństwa< w 1955 roku.}, language = {pl} } @book{SimonHaassWiesegartZhao, author = {Simon, Fritz B. and Haass-Wiesegart, Margarete and Zhao, Xudong}, title = {Wie die Psychotherapie nach China kam. Geschichte und Analyse eines interkulturellen Abenteuers, Heidelberg (Carl Auer) 2011, 250 pp.}, language = {de} } @book{Black, author = {Black, D. M.}, title = {Why Things Matter. The Place of Values in Science, Psychoanalysis and Religion. London (Routledge) 2011.}, language = {en} } @article{Ingram, author = {Ingram, Douglas H.}, title = {When Long-Term Treatment is Not Long Enough}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 181-188.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 181-188.}, language = {en} } @article{Guasto, author = {Guasto, Gianni}, title = {Welcome, Trauma, and Introjection: A Tribute to Sandor Ferenczi}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 337-346.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 337-346.}, language = {en} } @article{Dammer, author = {Dammer, Karl-Heinz}, title = {Was heißt B{\"u}rgermut heute?}, series = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 121-129.}, journal = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 121-129.}, language = {de} } @book{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Was den Menschen antreibt. Psychoanalyse als Theorie und Praxis von Beziehung, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2011.}, number = {original publication / Erstver{\"o}ffentlichung}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-10211, title = {Was den Menschen antreibt. Psychoanalyse als Theorie und Praxis von Beziehung, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2011.}, editor = {Funk, Rainer}, language = {de} } @misc{CarlsburgDammerWehr, author = {Carlsburg, Gerd-Bodo von and Dammer, Karl-Heinz and Wehr, Helmut}, title = {Vorwort der Herausgeber}, series = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 7-9.}, journal = {Carlsburg, G.-B. von, Dammer, K.-H., and Wehr, H. (Eds), >H{\"a}tte ich doch nicht weggeschaut!<. Zivilcourage fr{\"u}her und heute, Augsburg (Brigg P{\"a}dagogik Verlag) 2011, pp. 7-9.}, language = {de} } @article{Carl, author = {Carl, Felix}, title = {Vom Profit und Defizit des Konsums f{\"u}r das Sein - am Beispiel einer am Haben orientierten Konsumgesellschaft, Hausarbeit, 60 pp.}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird im Wesentlichen Bezug auf kritische Ansichten von dem deutschamerikanischen Philosophen und Sozialpsychologen Erich Fromm, dem polnisch-britischen Philosophen und Soziologen Zygmunt Bauman und dem franz{\"o}si-schen Sozialphilosophen Andr{\´e} Gorz genommen, im Hinblick darauf, wie eine Konsumorientierung im Wandel der Zeit uns den Blick f{\"u}r den Sinn des Lebens, das Sein also, versperrt.}, language = {de} } @book{Groddeck, author = {Groddeck, Georg}, title = {Vom Menschenbauch und dessen Seele. Schriften zur psychoanalytischen Psychosomatik 1917-1934, ed. Michael Giefer (= Groddeck Werke, im Auftrag der Georg Groddeck-Gesellschaft), Frankfurt am Main (Stroemfeld / Roter Stern) 2011.}, language = {de} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Dongyan}, title = {University: Preliminary Ideas of >Education for Love< [大学>爱的教育<思想初探]}, series = {Educator [教书育人], No. 36 (2011), pp. 20-21.}, journal = {Educator [教书育人], No. 36 (2011), pp. 20-21.}, abstract = {爱是教育的灵魂国际知名的美籍德国犹太人人本主义哲学家和精神分析心理学家弗洛姆(1900-1980)的爱的理论告诉我们,爱是一种活动,一种人际关系,要求教师首先要爱教育事业、爱学生,让学生在爱的氛围中成长。托尔斯泰说:如果教师只爱事业,那他会成为一个好教师;如果教师只象父母那样爱学生,那他会比那种通晓书本,但既不爱事业又不爱学生的教师好;如果教师既爱事业又爱学生,那他是一个完美的教师。在教育活动中,各种活动的开展大都是在教师和学生之间进行的,要发挥教育自身的力量,没有爱是不行的,也正因为爱是一种使人与人结合的力量,爱本身就是一种人际关系,那么在教育中就必}, language = {zh} } @article{Maltsbergeretal, author = {Maltsberger, John T. and et al.,}, title = {Traumatic Subjective Experiences Invite Suicide}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 671-694.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 671-694.}, language = {en} } @article{Dong, author = {Dong, Qiqi}, title = {Three Kinds of Man - Erich Fromm's Perspective and Reflection on Existential Circumstances of Man [三种人——弗洛姆对人的生存境遇的观照与反思]}, series = {Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) [山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 4 (2011), pp. 22-26.}, journal = {Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) [山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 4 (2011), pp. 22-26.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm is one of the members of the first generation of Frankfurt School, and has systematically researched the psychological mechanism and character structure of the modern man, in order to find the correct route and way to solve the problem of mental alienation. With the theme of the manner of human existence, Fromm reviewed the human civilization history, and simultaneously carried out the practice of modernity criticism centering on vagueness of the freedom and the paradox choice invited by it. In Fromm's opinion, though the strongly fortified social structure in the Middle Ages interfered with freedom of man, it offered individuals the safe ground; Since the Renaissance germinated, the subjective consci-ousness awakened, and the homeless lonely mood increased with it, with the result that psychological mechanism of escaping freedom finally formed; but it does not follow that one's life is hopeless. On the contrary, the sane man which Fromm has shaped brings the light for the human development in the future. Around the key words >The man of the Middle Ages<, >The modern man<, >the sane man<, the paper aims at deeply exploring the humanism spirit of Fromm's thought.}, language = {zh} } @article{Xu, author = {Xu, Fei}, title = {There is a Need to Learn the Art of Loving [爱,是一门需要学习的艺术]}, series = {Class Adviser [班主任之友(中学版)], No. Z1 (2011), pp. 100-102.}, journal = {Class Adviser [班主任之友(中学版)], No. Z1 (2011), pp. 100-102.}, abstract = {在人类的历史长河中,有一类思想者,他们的书能够影响读者的一生。艾里希•弗洛姆无疑就是这样的思想者。再次捧读他的代表作《爱的艺术》,我的心不断地为一种博大、慈爱的情怀而激荡,书上再度留下了我众多的圈划痕迹。这是一部每次读都能给我留下思索、带来震撼的书!>如果不在发展自己的全部人格上付出努力,如果不能使自己的潜在能力达到创造新人格的倾向性,那么每种爱的试图都会失败。如果没有爱他人的能力,如果没有虔诚的谦恭和勇敢,如果没有博爱的德}, language = {zh} } @article{EckardtHorney, author = {Eckardt Horney, Marianne}, title = {The Use of the Telephone to Extend Our Therapeutic Availability}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 151-154.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 151-154.}, language = {en} } @article{Young, author = {Young, Barbara}, title = {The Turn of the Screw: The James Family's Encounters with the Terrors Lurking in the Unconscious Mind}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 313-334.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 313-334.}, language = {en} } @article{Bacciagaluppi, author = {Bacciagaluppi, Marco}, title = {The Study of Psychic Trauma}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 525-540.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 525-540.}, language = {en} } @article{Cai, author = {Cai, Xuemei}, title = {The Solitary in the Loveless World - On Lucinda's Tragedy in >Lucinda Brayford< [无爱世界里的孤独者——《露辛达·布雷福特》中人物悲剧性解读] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Jiaxing University [嘉兴学院学报], No. 2 (2011), pp. 73-76.}, journal = {Journal of Jiaxing University [嘉兴学院学报], No. 2 (2011), pp. 73-76.}, abstract = {Lucinda Brayford, the heroine in the novel, is generally considered as a typical image of cultural foundling in the literature history of Australia, and a represents those who cannot fit themselves into the surroundings. Based on Fromm's theory related to love, the author interprets that Lucinda, without the ability to love the people around, lives in a loveless world, which leads her to the solitary and tragic life.}, language = {zh} } @article{Feng, author = {Feng, Fen}, title = {The Silence of Humanity - Read as one >Thousand Hills< [静寂中的人性——读成一的《千山》] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Literatures (Theory Edition) [文学界(理论版)], No. 6 (2011), pp. 34, 53.}, journal = {Literatures (Theory Edition) [文学界(理论版)], No. 6 (2011), pp. 34, 53.}, abstract = {成一的中篇小说《千山》,以主人公自我心理的>意识流<作为线索来结构作品。可以结合以弗洛姆为代表的人本主义心理学的基本观点进行审视。关注人的存在价值,张扬健康的人性,呼唤人性的复归。主题设置巧妙,情节构思精彩,人物安排独特,能使读者从静观和体验中获得一种深刻的人生顿悟。}, language = {zh} } @article{Corradi, author = {Corradi, Richard B.}, title = {The Role of Identification in Dynamic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 541-564.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 541-564.}, language = {en} } @misc{Liang, author = {Liang, Xijing}, title = {The Research of Violence in Cultural Vision [论文化视野中的暴力], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {在当代文化的审美视野中,暴力一直扮演着重要的角色,关于暴力现象的书写也一直是文坛中极具争议的话题,当前学界对于暴力的研究虽有一定的意义价值,但基本未对暴力的本质特征等极具研究意义的问题进行追问,因此,笔者以文化视野中的暴力为研究对象,对暴力的存在方式、本质特征等问题给予关注。本论文除引言、结语外共分三部分展开论述。第一部分,梳理了暴力文化的发展历程,笔者为求使其发展历程更清晰明了,所以采用了原生态暴力文化、衍生态暴力文化、新生态暴力文化三个概念对暴力文化的发展进行界定。第二部分,寻求暴力文化存在的心理学和社会学的根源。在心理学根源部分,笔者引用弗洛伊德、杰姆逊、弗洛姆等心理学家的观点,从心理学的角度来阐释暴力的源起之由,人类的暴力倾向根植于人类的某种本能,人的内心深处都或多或少地都会存在着某种程度的暴力倾向。在社会学根源方面,从形体特征说和经济使然说两方面来阐释暴力的根源,暴力文化的存在,有其社会原因的影响。第三部分,小说是暴力表现的重要场域之一,因此,笔者观照了小说体系中暴力的书写,此部分分析几位具有代表性的作家文本,梳理出暴力文学的发展谱系,总结暴力在小说叙述中所起的作用,这样就会对暴力的重新认识显示出新的、完全不同的特征,推进对传统的更新和文学的进步。结语,正视暴力的存在,指出它的存在有其积极的意义,它丰富了文学的视域,使文学所表现的领域更加广阔,有其本身的艺术价值。但是,提醒读者也要警惕暴力描写,它也有着潜在的负面效应}, language = {zh} } @misc{Fu, author = {Fu, Xiaojing}, title = {The Research of Erich Fromm's Love Thought [弗洛姆"爱"的思想探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Public Administration School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 51 pp.}, abstract = {In Fromm's system of humanitarian ethics, the theory of love is its core, and the Art of Love intensely expresses Fromm's theory of love system. Fromm's love thought is deeply affected by the factors of times and society, and it has profound theoretic background.- In the system of Fromm's love thought, firstly, Fromm believes that love is the answer of the problem of human being's existence. From the perspective of human's survival circumstances including' survival antinomy' and 'history antinomy', Fromm holds that men have the needs of contact, surpassing, seeking roots, identification and orientation, and that love is the best way of overcoming loneliness and isolation.- Secondly, Fromm believes that the essence of love is giving not gaining, and true love has the trait of productive character, meaning the creation of life's value and vitality. True love embodies in four elements such as concern, responsibility, respect and understanding, and they permeate in brother's love, maternal love, sexy love and the love of God.- Finally, love thought must be connected with practice, and then we'll achieve the art of love. Fromm tried to build a sane society' by means of exploring love, namely, so-called psychological revolution, to make individuals full of love and be persons of productiveness. Seeing the limitation of Fromm's love theory, this article focuses on the digging of certain rationality and realistic significance of Fromm's love thought. The research of Fromm's love thought provides important theoretical resources for the love ethical research in our country.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhao, author = {Zhao, Yanfen}, title = {The Quality of Secondary School Teachers in the New Era [谈新时期中学教师的素质]}, series = {School Journal of Changchun Education Institute, No. 11 (2011), p. 150.}, journal = {School Journal of Changchun Education Institute, No. 11 (2011), p. 150.}, abstract = {振兴民族的希望在教育,振兴教育的希望在教师。中学教育是我国基础教育的重要组成部分,教师的素质直接决定着教育的质量,没有好的教师就不会有好的教育。中学教师要想真正地适应新时期的教育,就应具备良好的师德、专业素质、科研能力及身心素质,以满足实施素质教育的需要。一、师德优良,具有责任意识美国著名心理学家弗洛姆说过:>责任并不是一种由外部强 …<}, language = {zh} } @misc{Gu, author = {Gu, Bo}, title = {The Psychological View of Marx [马克思人本心理观研究], PhD thesis, Study of Marxism in China, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2011.}, abstract = {当代心理学的理论体系较为庞杂,粗略的划分可分为三大势力和十大门派。这些学派由于各自的心理观不同,因此,不仅具有不同的理论体系和术语,而且在对待同一心理问题上也往往存在着不同的见解,导致了心理学理论的混乱。所以,当代的心理学需要整合发展。但是,在心理学中,没有任何一派的心理学理论能够统合心理学的发展,只有马克思人本心理观才能完成这样的使命。其实,马克思在160多年前就为心理学的研究指出了正确的方向,马克思说:>工业的历史和工业的已经产生的对象性的存在,是一本打开了的关于人的本质力量的书,是感性地摆在我们面前的人的心理学;对这种心理学人们至今还没有从它同人的本质的联系上,如果心理学还没有打开这本书即历史的这个恰恰最容易感知的、最容易理解的部分,那么这种心理学就不能成为内容确实丰富的和真正的科学。<在这一思想理念的基础上,马克思形成了系统的人本心理观。但是,正像新精神分析学家弗洛姆所指出的那样,马克思的心理学思想长期以来没有得到应有的重视。本文应用马克思的>心理对象理论<,遵循马克思人本心理观思想形成的内在过程,把马克思关于人本心理的零散论述,按照马克思人本心理观的内在思想体系组织起来,呈现原本、整体的马克思人本心理观。本论文一共6章。第1章,阐述了马克思人本心理观的基本理论,回答了马克思人本心理观的基本概念及理论特点问题;第2章,建构了马克思人本心理的动力说,为正确理解人们的心理动力提供了依据,批判了马斯洛需要说的错误之处;第3章,阐述了马克思人本心理的内容说,为心理分析提供了科学的依据;第4章,建立了马克思人本心理活动的辩证说,为把握心理活动的规律提供了具体的根据;第5章,揭示了马克思人本的人格说,为人格修养指明了方向;第6章,研究了马克思人本心理观对执政理念、企业管理及心理服务工作的价值作用。}, language = {zh} } @article{SuQi, author = {Su, Dan and Qi, Xin}, title = {The Psychological Implications of Pinter's Tragedies [品特式悲剧的心理学意蕴] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 18 (2011), pp. 142-144.}, journal = {Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 18 (2011), pp. 142-144.}, abstract = {本文借用弗洛伊德、荣格、弗洛姆等心理学家的理论对英国当代戏剧家品特的创作进行心理学解读,认为>恐惧与焦虑<>神圣的玩笑<>社会潜意识<与>合理化<是>品特式<悲剧所蕴含的心理学内涵所在。}, language = {zh} } @article{Leffert, author = {Leffert, Mark}, title = {The Psychoanalysis and Death of George Gershwin: An American Tragedy}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 421-452.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 421-452.}, language = {en} } @misc{Yang, author = {Yang, Bohai}, title = {The Possibility to Choose Freedom - Modern Spirit of a Philosophical Problem [自由选择何以可能 - 现代人精神问题的一种哲学寻求], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2011.}, abstract = {The new findings, the physical universe Odd though it sounds, substances are far away from the earth. The Entropy irreversible told us that the universe will eventually collapse British physicist Stephen Hawking facing environmental pollution Your s tendencies to think that much cleverer than it was one thousand years in the next 200 years could perish Natural disasters occurred frequently in 2010, according to statistics have 30 million people died from natural disasters. Various facts seems to be shown to us what, earth how? Once concern about the event, those foxconn employees jumped 80/90 of young man how they 14 even jump seems to be telling us, saying, how? Entropy worldview tells us that man alive is meaningless, the universe is ultimately towards eternal silence, the destiny of man is death. Human civilization will eventually destroyed. So we all the hard work was in vain, are bubble, are self-deceiving just. If we only by the individual's survival as value whether the judgment standard that is wrong. Human existence is the creation of the universe, the essence of man was created. People can't change die facts, also cannot change life. The significance of man lies in the creation of life activities. Each human being is different, but after entering society became the same person, this is how sad thing. Personality is the essence of the universe forever, the human has not been in other known planet found signs of life. Man is a character creation of the universe. Personality is the nature of the life, the home that did not individualize life has no life. People can't escape the personality, most only can deceive others, deceive not inner needs. Society at a certain extent suppresses the person's personality, the person's personality thought latent up became unconscious. We know the person's behavior is conscious behavior, when the behavior of people cannot reflect individual character, can only say that he's freedom may exist on his subconscious. Subconscious question is a complex problem. Freud to subconscious makes a thorough analysis, he thinks the subconscious is individual early sex oppression and traumatic memories. Jung proposed the collective unconscious theory. Fromm's speak social unconsciousness. They from different aspects elaborated subconscious and its influence on the individual. Modern industrial society brought prosperity is unprecedented, it seems that we also see the wonderful world of the future. But we cannot ignore the truth is the earth pollution, the consequences of mountain glaciers, large quantities of animal extinct. We asked again next victim who is it? The end result is human destruction. Death is inevitable, but suicide really can stop. Human suicide behavior from their way of life. The improvement of living standards brings many do not reduce needs, and the needs of the foundation is from natural resources supply. Earth's resources are limited and when one day these resources exhausted, humans do? Humans will not perish in the earth before perish. Human suicidal behavior from multiple individuals of suicides. Pursuing perfection is the person's ideal, but as people itself is not perfect, birth and death cannot be changed regularly. Nietzsche announced that god of death facts, humans have no religious beliefs, no spiritual home, they will be transferred to the survival significance on the body, the pursuit of physical stimulation became value pursuit. Sexual open independences is the AIDS epidemic, individual die from simple physical enjoyment. Modern society cannot avoid being human dissimilation, alienation brings a false sense of satisfaction. Those so-called work happiness is the product of the individual being deceived. Individual freedom is need spare time guarantee. Marx picture for us the communist society, morning, noon, afternoon fishing work painting. Actually mean people out of work the leisure time to develop their own other aspects of potential. Modern society than front is progressive, i.e. the leisure time should be longer. When British workers to push for eight hours of workday chartism today, at its results still retained. But some enterprise workers could not every day to do only eight hours of work. Consider the factory workers is free? It is character? Facing these problems, the paper made his own understanding, in order to solve these problems made philosophical thinking.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Duan, author = {Duan, Dan}, title = {The Possibility of Overcoming Existential Isolation - Analysis of >The Magus< from an Existential Psychoanalytical Perspective [克服存在孤独的可能性 - 对《巫术师》的存在主义心理分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, School of Foreign Languages, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011, 62 pp. [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {John Fowles, once nominated by Nobel Prize. Literature is one of the representatives of post-modern novelists. He has published six novels during his whole life. This paper is about his novel of The Magus. The Magus was Fowles's first written but second published novel. He wrote the original draft in the early 1950s, but he continued to rewrite and revise it for decades. Finally in 1978 Fowles published a revised edition of the novel, on which the author is based her discussion. Scholars in western countries have examined it from extensive approaches while researches at home lag behind. This paper intends to enrich the researches on The Magus in China. Existential Psychology is the third trend of modern psychology, which is developed under the influence of Existentialism. >Freedom and responsibility< is one of the key concepts of Existentialism and Existential Psychology. However, two other essentialist concepts, namely, >isolation and intimacy< and >meaningless and meaningness< are neglected by scholars. Therefore, this paper also intends to introduce another concept >isolation and intimacy< and adopt it to explore the behaviors of the literary character, Nicholas, in the fiction. The whole paper is divided into seven chapters.- The first chapter is the basic introduction of the British writer, John Fowles, including his life experiences and works and a brief summary of Fowles' fiction, The Magus. Next section is literature review on The Magus by scholars at home and abroad. It also enumerates the significance of the study and presents the general layout. The body of the dissertation is divided into three chapters.- Chapter two is an introduction to existential psychology and psychotherapy, the theoretical frame of this paper. Existential psychology and psychotherapy developed in the 1950s under the influence of Existentialism, which enlisted many gurus such as Erich Fromm, Alfred Adler, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, Karen Horney. The three essential concepts are freedom vs. responsibility, isolation vs. intimacy and meaning vs. meaninglessness. In this paper the author adopts the theories of Erich Fromm and Irvin D. Yasom to explore how isolation and intimacy is reflected in The Magus.- Chapter three is entitled >Nicholas' Existential Isolation from the World<. His isolation is interpersonal, which refers to his being isolated from his own parents, his colleagues and the women he met, and this isolation can also be interpreted as intrapersonal isolation from his middle-class culture, and from the person he is. Facing absolute freedom is the cause of isolation, which in turn is the reason of his anxiety. In order to overcome isolation, he has lots of affairs with girls. Frustrated by his unsatisfying situation of his work and relationship with women, Nicholas flew from Britain to Greek to experience a different culture.- Chapter four deals with Conchis's procedures of Existential Therapies on Nicholas in Greek. He first introduces Nicholas into his villa where he gathers information about Nicholas through talking and observing. Then he shows Nicholas's shortcomings through a beautiful actress, Julie. At the same time, Conchis teaches lessons through his stories. At last, he announces the results of experiments and sentences Nicholas for his wrong deeds. Then they abandon Nicholas who has to return to London. Lily, who is Conchis's co-analyst and Julie's mother, helps him to understand the essence of experiments there.- Chapter five is concerned with Nicholas's life when he is back to London. Nicholas has learned and gained much lessons from Conchis's experiments. He has known what he did to others and himself was totally wrong. Sexual affairs are the wrong way to overcome isolation and only a stable mature love relationship heals. Through acquiring >family< with Kemp, having friendship with Jojo, a young girl and reuniting with Alison, Nicholas achieved intimacy with others and himself. Stable relationship is essential to overcoming isolation.- The last chapter is the conclusion which offers a brief summary of the major arguments of the dissertation.}, language = {zh} } @article{Lothane, author = {Lothane, Zvi}, title = {The Partnership of Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry in the Treatment of Psychosis and Borderline States: Its Evolution in North America}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 499-524.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 499-524.}, language = {en} } @article{Imbasciati, author = {Imbasciati, Antonio}, title = {The Meaning of a Metapsychology as an Instrument for >Explaining<}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 651-670.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 651-670.}, language = {en} } @article{Yang, author = {Yang, Liyin}, title = {The Marxist Viewpoint of the Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派的马克思主义观]}, series = {Marxist Philosophical Research [马克思主义哲学研究], No. 00 (2011), pp. 224-235.}, journal = {Marxist Philosophical Research [马克思主义哲学研究], No. 00 (2011), pp. 224-235.}, abstract = {在马克思主义批判理论的宏旨下,法兰克福学派从多种视角出发继承和发展了马克思主义。霍克海默将其理论阐明为一种>批判理论<;阿多诺提出了以连续否定为核心的否定辨证法;马尔库塞先后将海德格尔、黑格尔、弗洛伊德与马克思的思想结合起来,对当代资本主义社会以及苏联马克思主义进行了有力的批判;弗洛姆将马克思主义视为一种人学,将其与精神分析学结合起来提出了>社会性格<等新范畴,并力图以此揭示经济基础和上层建筑相互作用的微观机制;哈贝马斯在批判吸收历史唯物主义的基础上,运用其交往理论的解释框架提出了以主体间的互动为社会发展基本动力的理论。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Hailan}, title = {The Love of Fromm's Family Ethics [弗洛姆家庭伦理之爱研究], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2011.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm (1900-1980) is a German-American Jews who is famous as a psychologist, a sociologist, an ethicist and a philosopher. At the same time, he is the important person who is the representative of Freudian Marxism and Frankfurt School. He is concerned about the human being's living situation and tries his best to solve the problem. His Love Theory offers us a valuable consult, making us think society problems. By his book >The Art of Loving<, we try to explore the way of solving problems of our concern. It consists of three parts. Part One: the theory of Love, including the essence and basis of love. Part Two: the theory of family ethics. This part studies the relationship among families, giving some advice how to deal with the problems. Part Three: an apocalypse to our society. This part gives us the support of how to set up the Love points, family ethics points and values points in order to solve the problems we are facing.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zheng, author = {Zheng, Baojun}, title = {The Love Elements Darcy's Moved Elizabeth in >Pride and Prejudice< [《傲慢与偏见》中达西感动伊丽莎白的爱情要素] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Tangshan Teachers College [唐山师范学院学报], No. 6 (2011), pp. 24-25.}, journal = {Journal of Tangshan Teachers College [唐山师范学院学报], No. 6 (2011), pp. 24-25.}, abstract = {In the novel >Pride and Prejudice<, the important reason why Elizabeth was caused to overcome her prejudice against Darcy got to love him and a finally married him is Darcy's deep love towards her. Analyzed with Erich Fromm's love theory it shows caring, responsibility useful, respect and under-standing.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Meng}, title = {The Loneliness Lying between the Orient and the Occident [横亘的孤独 - 鲁迅与卡夫卡比较], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {In the this article, the author is going to analyze the lonely consciousness of in Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's on the basis of the explanation from their works, the sense of individual existence, and the lonely consciousness through their early before things sell out. Skip long lines and of The author also attempts to answer some questions below: how does the pursuit of freedom of humanity and individual psyche bring about the loneliness? Although Lu Xun and Franz Kafka both concentrate on the individual existence and individual freedom, why do their lonely images distinguish from each other? Under the condition of loneliness, why are their choices so different? In order to answer these questions, firstly, the author analyzes the different choices of the lonely consciousness made by Lu Xun and Franz Kafka through certain aspects such as their origin of loneliness, behavior, of loneliness and reaction of loneliness. Secondly, the author will explain above phenomenon from the perspective of the origin of western and eastern culture. And avoid searching the reasons through the comparison of their different individual characters and different lives. In addition, the author will emphasize the points which are easily ignored from the perspective of metaphysics. The main body of the thesis will be divided into three parts according to their origin of loneliness, behavior of loneliness and reaction of loneliness.- In the first chapter, the author is going to narrate Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's intense on the western humanity and their emphasis on the individual existence and will, both of whom are mostly affected by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. The author also will discuss their different tendency to the past philosophy and their focus on the different starting points and purposes due to their diversity of historical and cultural background.- In the second chapter, firstly the author will expound Fei Luomu's [Erich Fromm] comprehension of freedom and loneliness, and then narrate Fei Luomu's theory which is partly applied in Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's thought of loneliness. Although there will be a short discussion of the improper aspects of the application.- Secondly, the author will analyze the lonely consciousness in their works through the viewpoint of the relation of freedom and loneliness. The main reasons to cause them to obtain a profound experience of the freedom and loneliness is their similar ideology of concentration on humanity and individual thinking, but their attitude towards freedom come into being much different because of the distinct cultural tradition. The different comprehension of freedom leads to their distinct lonely temperament. What's more, with the analysis on their works, the author illustrate that Lu Xun pursues the individual freedom due to his tendency to the naturalism of Chinese traditional culture. While Kafka regards freedom more as human original sin due to his faiths of Judaism.- In the third chapter, according to their works, the author is going to analyze Lu Xun and Franz Kafka's attitude when confronting the condition of nonentity and loneliness. Lu Xun endows >loneliness< valuable sense relying on his strong will; however, Kafka's searching God results in a failure. Divinity turns to be nonsense in Lu Xun's thought. Kafka fulfilled with the religion, though he is not a traditional religion adherent. Therefore, their loneliness is predestined to be distinct.- Finally, the author will summarize the text with the comparison of the situation of China. The thinking and realization of the loneliness by Lu Xun and Kafka is a precious legacy to us. The individual's obtainment of the care of their own in the classic aspect is the greatest benefit.}, language = {zh} } @article{Fradenburg, author = {Fradenburg, Aranye}, title = {The Liberal Arts of Psychoanalysis}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 589-610.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 589-610.}, language = {en} } @article{Olarte, author = {Olarte, Silvia W.}, title = {The Interminable Patient: A Case History}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 199-208.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 199-208.}, language = {en} } @article{Dai, author = {Dai, Guanqing}, title = {The Influence of Western Marxist Literary Theory on the Construction of Chinese Contemporary Literary Theory [西方马克思主义文论对中国当代文论建设的影响]}, series = {International Marxist Literary Theory and the Construction of Contemporary Chinese Literary Theory International Symposium, Annual Conference of Chinese and Foreign Literature Theory Society, June 20, 2011, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, in [Proceedings] Research on Sino-Foreign Literary \& Arts Theories [中国中外文艺理论研究], No. 00 (2011), pp. 112-122.}, journal = {International Marxist Literary Theory and the Construction of Contemporary Chinese Literary Theory International Symposium, Annual Conference of Chinese and Foreign Literature Theory Society, June 20, 2011, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, in [Proceedings] Research on Sino-Foreign Literary \& Arts Theories [中国中外文艺理论研究], No. 00 (2011), pp. 112-122.}, abstract = {崛起于20世纪20年代的西方马克思主义文论是一种富有时代特征的当代西方文艺和美学理论,以卢卡奇、葛兰西、马舍雷、戈德曼、伊格尔顿,以及西方马克思主义文论中最活跃的法兰克福学派中的本雅明、阿多诺、马尔库塞、弗洛姆和哈贝马斯等为代表的一批欧美理论家力图在新的历史条件下重新阐释、复兴、发展马克思主义,全面批判现代资本主义而形成的一种有别于经典马克思主义文艺学说的理论体系。尽管西方马克思主义文论的各个流派都承认社会历史、经济基础决定文学创作这个命题,但不同的是,他们关注的焦点更多的是文化和文艺学领域,>一个接一个的思想家在这个领域里以历史唯物主义前所未有的丰富想象力和严谨研究而名声显赫<。虽然西方}, language = {zh} } @article{Ullrich, author = {Ullrich, Helen E.}, title = {The Impact of Cultural Evolution on the Ego Ideal, Depression, Psychosis, and Suicide: A South India Community Study of the Widow}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 453-470.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 453-470.}, language = {en} } @article{Gao, author = {Gao, Hongying}, title = {The Humane Development Path of the Technological Society - Analysis of Fromm's >The Sane Society< [技术社会的人道化发展道路——浅析弗洛姆>健全的社会<]}, series = {The Merchandise and Quality [商品与质量], No. S1 (2011), p. 137.}, journal = {The Merchandise and Quality [商品与质量], No. S1 (2011), p. 137.}, abstract = {弗洛姆认为目前的技术社会是一个病态的社会,病态的根源在于技术所导致的社会的非人道化发展,而要促成一个健全的社会,首先要将技术重新置于人的控制之下。弗洛姆通过对技术社会的分析以及其非人道化表现的描述,提出了实现技术社会人道化的途径。弗洛姆技术人道化思想的最终目的,是促成一个以人的福祉、人的自由、人的全面发展为最高目标的>健全的社会<。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Cui, author = {Cui, Hairong}, title = {The Human Needs Theory Interpretation - Fromm's Theory of Marx Need to Expand [人的需要的生存论解读 - 弗洛姆对马克思需要理论的拓展], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2011.}, abstract = {Need is the intrinsic reason of human activities, and is the important research field historical materialism. The study to be rooted problems have never stop, And people felt more and more need for human thought and behavior and historical development in the role. One problem is the need which Marx lifelong attention important questions, attention to multiple needs, and seeks satisfying the people's needs the realistic way, is engaged in practice and theory of Marxism and end-result of the campaign.- This paper is based on Marx in the text research needs to abundant connotations reveals need theory, and on this basis focuses on analyzing Fromm's inherited Marx people need thoughts. For people who need to theory of research is Fromm's living theory at the beginning of the connection to think, the Fromm's began from the deep solicitude for human survival. Fromm's theory of Marx's inheritance and development needs help us to deeply understand the profound meaning of Marxist philosophy. In order to overcome the dissimilation, realize need to meet, finally realizes the person's general liberation and overall human liberation provides a kind of rational thinking mode, to contemporary Chinese socialist construction also has profound implication and reference.}, language = {zh} } @article{Yu, author = {Yu, Bo}, title = {The Golden Notebook, >Freedom of Women<, Anna's Dreams Interpretation [《金色笔记》中>自由女性<安娜梦的解析] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Era Literature (The Second Half) [时代文学(下半月)], No. 4 (2011), p. 149.}, journal = {Era Literature (The Second Half) [时代文学(下半月)], No. 4 (2011), p. 149.}, abstract = {莱辛在《金色笔记》中花大量笔墨描写了女主人公安娜所做的各种各样的梦,本文综合运用美国当代心理学家、社会学家弗罗姆的理论对安娜的梦境进行解读。}, language = {zh} } @article{KatzBearnot, author = {Katz-Bearnot, Sherry}, title = {The Family Doctor: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in Tightly Knit Communities}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 169-178.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 169-178.}, language = {en} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Cailing}, title = {The Dilemma of Freedom [自由的困境]}, series = {Heihe Journal [黑河学刊], No. 5 (2011), pp. 23-24.}, journal = {Heihe Journal [黑河学刊], No. 5 (2011), pp. 23-24.}, abstract = {现代人不断争取、获得自由后,却又不断发生异化、逃离自由。这逃避的心理机制到底如何,其后果又是如何呢?又如何使孤独不再成为自由之累呢?弗洛姆在《逃避自由》一书中给出了解答。}, language = {zh} } @article{GlucksmanKramer, author = {Glucksman, Myron L. and Kramer, Milton}, title = {The Clinical and Predictive Value of the Initial Dream of Treatment}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 263-284.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 263-284.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zhu, author = {Zhu, Yanyan}, title = {The Bitterness of Being Free. An Attempt to >Sharpen< the Interpretation by Fromm's Theory of Human Nature [自由之痛 - 试以弗洛姆的人性理论解读《磨砺》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Margaret Drabble (b. 1939), who has won wide acclaim in the contemporary literary world, is considered among the most accomplished British writers of the postwar period. Since her debut in 1963, she has published a total of seventeen novels to date. Margaret Drabble is always concerned with the process of contemporary women's spiritual growth, their psychological experience and their state of subsistence in order to help them seek new self value and social status. While achieving international renown as a novelist, Margaret Drabble has also established an impressive reputation as a biographer, critic and editor. The main themes of Margaret Drabble's novels are principally about the predicaments of well-educated women, these including their domestic life, child rearing, balance between career and family, and marital problems. In her novels, Drabble never ceases from exploring the inner life of contemporary women who attempt to seek self-actualization and social recognition. However, Drabble's most recent fiction is heavily salted with social consciousness as she has continued to expand her focus from the concerns of middle-class female intellectuals to a variety of political and moral dilemmas within the broader background of contemporary Britain. >The Millstone<, the third novel written by Margaret Drabble, published in 1965, is the story of a young academic who encounters various difficulties as an unmarried mother in 1960s Britain. The book brought Drabble the John Llewelyn Rhys Prize and in 1969 was adapted for cinema in America as A Touch of Love. Rosamund, the protagonist of the novel, is a refreshingly honest portrait of a female doctoral candidate in her twenties who lives in London. She is an independent and successful intellectual, and simultaneously an unmarried mother. However, Rosamund's freedom and independence are achieved at the cost of abstinence and self-isolation. A brief survey of criticism of >The Millstone< shows that some research on the work has been conducted from the perspective of feminism and some has focused upon the writing techniques employed within. The research which concerns the philosophy of life or values of the protagonist mainly places stress on the positive attributes of the protagonist's way of living with only a few touches on its limitations. In other words, there is still room for systematic and profound investigation on such issues as the protagonist's obstinate pursuit of freedom at the cost of true love or on viable routes towards her true self-actualization not only as a woman but also as a human being. The interpretation of The Millstone with reference to the humanistic psychoanalytic theory remains almost undeveloped. Taking Drabble's masterpiece The Millstone as a case study, this thesis aims to make a more systematic exploration of the author's efforts to present women's dilemmas in modern life and to explore practicable approaches to their self-actualization. Specifically, based on a detailed study of the protagonist's spiritual evolution, and with reference to Erich Fromm's psychoanalytic theory of human nature, the author of this paper attempts to analyze the protagonist's obstinate way of pursuing freedom by comparing her spiritual states before and after she becomes a mother; to probe into the nature of her intransigent way of thinking; and finally to discuss the feasibility of the protagonist, as well as of people of the modern era as a whole, in achieving true self-actualization through a life lived in freedom but not in isolation from others. To expound the argument raised by the author of this thesis, three chapters are devoted to the interpretation and discussion of the story, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.- The first chapter elaborates on the ambiguous nature of freedom that is manifested in the protagonist's life. It is divided into two sections. The first mainly discusses the seeming ease the protagonist enjoys by completely releasing herself from the bondage and burden possibly incurred by responsibilities or commitments from practical life especially before her pregnancy. And in contrast, the second section is mainly an exposure of the bitterness she suffers through her radical stance on freedom, this involving isolation and loneliness as well as helplessness.- The second chapter is a detailed study on the nature of the protagonist's radical outlook on freedom. Two sections are included in this part. The first part is an objective analysis of the problematical attempts of the protagonist to achieve freedom. It includes consideration of her obsession with work, her habit of concealing her natural feelings in front of others, and her self-confinement within an ivory tower detached from an outside world viewed as potentially intrusive and threatening to her realm of freedom. The second part explains the possible reasons for the protagonist's pursuit of a radical freedom, namely, the influence of her parents and society as well as her character orientations. It will naturally be seen that the protagonist's freedom is by nature a negative one, which to a large extent can account for the bitterness incurred in her practical life.- The last chapter concentrates on the discussion of a tentative solution to the predicaments incurred by this radical outlook on freedom. This solution mainly refers to a route towards what Fromm describes as >positive freedom<. This chapter again includes two sections. The first elaborates on the issue of the return of human connections to the protagonist's day-to-day life. The second section is a detailed analysis of the awakening of distinct manifestations of love within the protagonist - a dramatic spiritual transformation which occurs during her pregnancy and in the primary phase of motherhood. In the end, the awakening of love in the protagonist and her return to human community and connection together portend a more self-fulfilling life for her in the future.- The above analysis building on Fromm's theory leads naturally to the conclusion that the radical stance on freedom which the protagonist has advocated and practiced is what Fromm describes as >negative freedom<, a freedom which has brought more bitterness than ease to her life. Therefore, any pursuit of a radical freedom is a negative attempt, which is to an extent achieved by freeing oneself from burdens and isolating oneself from connections with others. Only by returning to the real world and establishing harmonious human connections as well as being responsible to oneself and others can people of the modern era achieve true freedom, and thus be enabled to come closer to true self-actualization.}, language = {zh} }