@article{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Wohin f{\"u}hrt der Weg?}, series = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 143f.}, journal = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 143f.}, language = {de} } @misc{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Wohin f{\"u}hrt der Weg?}, series = {Erich Fromm E-Book-Edition, M{\"u}nchen (Open Publishing) 2016.}, journal = {Erich Fromm E-Book-Edition, M{\"u}nchen (Open Publishing) 2016.}, number = {enclosed in German Ebook Collected Works / in Deutscher E-Book-Gesamtausgabe enthalten}, language = {de} } @article{Reich, author = {Reich, Wilhelm}, title = {Wohin f{\"u}hrt die Nackterziehung}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik, Wien (Verlag der Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik), Vol. 3 (1929), pp. 44-50.}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik, Wien (Verlag der Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik), Vol. 3 (1929), pp. 44-50.}, language = {de} } @article{MuelhauseVogeler, author = {Muelhause Vogeler, Th.}, title = {Wohin f{\"u}hrt die Nackterziehung?}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik, Wien (Verlag der Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik), Vol. 6 (1932), pp. 333-336}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik, Wien (Verlag der Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychoanalytische P{\"a}dagogik), Vol. 6 (1932), pp. 333-336}, language = {de} } @article{Kerner, author = {Kerner, D. I.}, title = {Wohnen auf Gift - Lebenshilfe in Raten}, series = {Ich. Die Psychozeitung, Berlin (UVA), Vol. 2 (No. 5, 1991), pp. 24-28.}, journal = {Ich. Die Psychozeitung, Berlin (UVA), Vol. 2 (No. 5, 1991), pp. 24-28.}, language = {de} } @article{Lehmbrock, author = {Lehmbrock, J.}, title = {Wohnungsbauf{\"o}rderung falsch und richtig - Zur Utopie einer humanen Umwelt}, series = {Frankfurter Hefte. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kultur und Politik, Remagen (Verlag Rommerskirchen), Vol. 33 (No. 4, 1978), pp. 101-107.}, journal = {Frankfurter Hefte. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kultur und Politik, Remagen (Verlag Rommerskirchen), Vol. 33 (No. 4, 1978), pp. 101-107.}, language = {de} } @book{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Wojna w czlowieku. Psychologiczne studium istoty destrukcyjnosci, Gdansk (Gdanska inicjatywa wydawnicza) 1989 and 1991}, number = {translation / {\"U}bersetzung}, language = {pl} } @article{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Wola życia}, series = {E. Fromm, Czy nadal kochamy życie?, ed. by Rainer Funk, Polish by Stefan Baranowski and Marian Leon Kalinowski, Krakow (Wydawnictwo Vis-a-vis Etiuda) 2022, pp. 111-118.}, journal = {E. Fromm, Czy nadal kochamy życie?, ed. by Rainer Funk, Polish by Stefan Baranowski and Marian Leon Kalinowski, Krakow (Wydawnictwo Vis-a-vis Etiuda) 2022, pp. 111-118.}, number = {original publication / Erstver{\"o}ffentlichung}, language = {pl} } @article{Cordova, author = {C{\´o}rdova, C. A.}, title = {Wolberg, L., >Methodology in Short-Term Therapy<}, series = {Revista de Psicoan{\´a}lisis, Psiquiatr{\´i}a y Psicolog{\´i}a, M{\´e}xico (No. 3, 1966), pp. 107-108.}, journal = {Revista de Psicoan{\´a}lisis, Psiquiatr{\´i}a y Psicolog{\´i}a, M{\´e}xico (No. 3, 1966), pp. 107-108.}, language = {es} } @article{Barth, author = {Barth, K.}, title = {Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}, series = {W. Leibrecht, Religion and Culture. Essays in Honor of Paul Tillich, New York (Harper and Brothers) 1959, pp. 61-78.}, journal = {W. Leibrecht, Religion and Culture. Essays in Honor of Paul Tillich, New York (Harper and Brothers) 1959, pp. 61-78.}, language = {en} } @article{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Wolnosc, determinizm, alternatywizm}, series = {Colloquia Communia, Warschau (Universytet Warszawa) No. 48-53 (= No. 1-6, 1990), pp. 91-114. [= 1964a, last chapter]}, journal = {Colloquia Communia, Warschau (Universytet Warszawa) No. 48-53 (= No. 1-6, 1990), pp. 91-114. [= 1964a, last chapter]}, number = {partial reprint / Teilabdruck}, language = {pl} } @article{Beauvoir, author = {Beauvoir, S. de}, title = {Woman as Other}, series = {Ch. Lemert (Ed.), Social Theory. The Multicultural and Classic Readings, Boulder etc. (Westview Press) 1993, pp. 367-369.}, journal = {Ch. Lemert (Ed.), Social Theory. The Multicultural and Classic Readings, Boulder etc. (Westview Press) 1993, pp. 367-369.}, language = {en} } @book{Strause, author = {Strause, J.}, title = {Women \& analysis, New York (Grossman Publishers) 1974.}, language = {en} } @article{Goldman, author = {Goldman, H.}, title = {Women and a New Spirituality}, series = {Cross Currents, New York, Vol. XXIV (No. 1, 1974), pp. 51-54.}, journal = {Cross Currents, New York, Vol. XXIV (No. 1, 1974), pp. 51-54.}, language = {en} } @article{PerkinsGilman, author = {Perkins Gilman, Ch.}, title = {Women and Economics}, series = {Ch. Lemert (Ed.), Social Theory. The Multicultural and Classic Readings, Boulder etc. (Westview Press) 1993, pp. 189-192.}, journal = {Ch. Lemert (Ed.), Social Theory. The Multicultural and Classic Readings, Boulder etc. (Westview Press) 1993, pp. 189-192.}, language = {en} } @book{Chesler, author = {Chesler, P.}, title = {Women and Madness. London (Allen Lane) 1972.}, language = {en} } @article{Kirkpatrick, author = {Kirkpatrick, Martha}, title = {Women in Love in the '80s}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 17 (1989), pp. 535-542.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 17 (1989), pp. 535-542.}, language = {en} } @article{SiqueiradeSouzaCampos, author = {Siqueira de Souza Campos, M. C.}, title = {Women in Sao Paulo in the Family and in the Work Market: Behavior and Representations}, series = {D. Kalekin-Fishman (Ed.), Designs for Alienation. Exploring Diverse Realities, Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a} (University of Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a}) 1998, pp. 136-151.}, journal = {D. Kalekin-Fishman (Ed.), Designs for Alienation. Exploring Diverse Realities, Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a} (University of Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a}) 1998, pp. 136-151.}, language = {en} } @article{Erickson, author = {Erickson, J. Q.}, title = {Women in the Christian Story}, series = {Cross Currents, New York, Vol. XXVII (No. 2, 1977), pp. 183-195.}, journal = {Cross Currents, New York, Vol. XXVII (No. 2, 1977), pp. 183-195.}, language = {en} } @book{Markovic, author = {Markovic, Mihailo}, title = {Women Liberation and Human Emancipation. 1. Women's Place from the Standpoint of Bourgeois Ideologies.}, series = {Philosophical Forum 5, 1975.}, journal = {Philosophical Forum 5, 1975.}, language = {en} } @article{Crist, author = {Crist, C.}, title = {Women on the Campus: No Overnight Changes}, series = {Cross Currents, New York, Vol. XXIV (No. 1, 1974), pp. 43-50.}, journal = {Cross Currents, New York, Vol. XXIV (No. 1, 1974), pp. 43-50.}, language = {en} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Yang}, title = {Women on the Way Towards Freedom - Female Images in Doris Lessing's Collection >A Man and Two Women< [自由之路上的女性—多丽丝•莱辛《一个男人和两个女人》中的女性形象研究], Master thesis, Foreign Language and Literature, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2018 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {多丽丝•莱辛作为一名极富责任感的作家, 非常关注女性生存状态和她们的命运。她的作品中女性形象众多, 本文旨在关注莱辛在她的短篇小说集《一个男人和两个女人》中的五位典型女性形象。尽管身处不同的处境, 她们都有个共通之处, 即不停止对个人身份以及自由的追寻。>十九号房<中的苏珊为了实现她对自由的渴求最终不得已自杀。>弃心记<中的>我<在目睹了车站上遇见的另一个>我<而后放弃了对男性的情感依赖, 伴随着自我意识的觉醒, >我<最终获得了幸福和自由的情感体验。>老妇与猫<中的贝蒂在当局的压迫下不得不过上四处漂流居无定所的生活却也不失自由随性。>屋顶丽人<中的裸体女主人公则勇敢的与父权主导的社会相对抗, 对来自代表父权制思想的三位男子的骚扰视而不见。她的反抗沉默而有力。>吾友茱蒂丝<中的茱蒂丝是一位彻底的自由女性, 她有着自己的思想和主见。不同于传统女性的生活方式, 她尊重自己的想法按照自己内心的意愿生活, 是莱辛笔下自由女性的代表。通过关注这些女性的生存状态和心路历程, 我们可以看到她们在以各自不同的方式演绎着对自由的追求, 她们这种对自由幸福的追求势必会鼓舞众多女性更加独立自由的活着, 为现代社会女性提供一定程度的借鉴。本文旨在通过分析莱辛短篇小说《一个男人和两个女人》中这五位典型女性对自由追求的不同路径结合弗洛姆对积极自由和消极自由的思考探索现代社会中女性获得自由、实现自我独立人格和人生价值的出路。在弗洛姆看来, 消极自由的实现是对摆脱外界束缚和对外力的依赖而获得的情感体验, 这种自由会让人们更容易陷入孤立。与之相对应的积极自由则是建立在消极自由基础上的一种更高层次的自由, 可以促使人们通过自发性的活动来发挥自我潜能。女性可以通过勇敢的爱别人, 从事有意义的工作并主动融入社会来健全自我的人格、全面发展自己从而获得积极自由。她们对积极自由的追求有益于构建起对自我及社会的认知、发展更健全的人格从而实现与社会与他人的和谐。}, language = {zh} } @article{Gornick, author = {Gornick, L.}, title = {Women Treating Men: Interview Data from Female Psychotherapists}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 22 (1994), pp. 231-258.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 22 (1994), pp. 231-258.}, language = {en} } @book{Norwood, author = {Norwood, R.}, title = {Women Who Love Too Much. When You Keep Wishing and Hoping He'll Change. New York (Pocket Books) 1985.}, language = {en} } @article{Moulton, author = {Moulton, Ruth}, title = {Women with Double Lives}, series = {Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society), Vol. 13 (1977), pp. 64-84.}, journal = {Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society), Vol. 13 (1977), pp. 64-84.}, language = {en} } @article{Sageman, author = {Sageman, Sharon}, title = {Women with PTSD: The Psychodynamic Aspects of Psychopharmacologic and >Hands-On< Psychiatric Management}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (2002), pp. 415-428.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (2002), pp. 415-428.}, language = {en} } @article{Person, author = {Person, Ethel Spector}, title = {Women Working: Fears of Failure, Deviance and Success}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 10 (1982), pp. 067-084.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 10 (1982), pp. 067-084.}, language = {en} } @article{Stotland, author = {Stotland, Nada L.}, title = {Women's Bodies, Doctors' Dynamics}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (2004), pp. 181-192.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (2004), pp. 181-192.}, language = {en} } @article{Bucci, author = {Bucci, Wilma}, title = {Women's capacity to give birth a sex-difference issue for men?}, series = {Psychoanalytic Dialogues, Vol. 15 (2005), pp. 855-873.}, journal = {Psychoanalytic Dialogues, Vol. 15 (2005), pp. 855-873.}, abstract = {Bucci's model of emotional communication, developed in the context of her theory of multiple coding and the referential process, is applied to Knoblauch's microanalytic report of his experience of the patient and himself and their interactions during a single session of an ongoing treatment. The referential process is a bidirectional function connecting the diverse sensory, somatic, and motoric representations of the subsymbolic system with imagery and words. The process operates partially and to varying degrees within both participants in the case presented here, the dissociation among systems is severe, and emotional communication within the dyad occurs at first primarily in subsymbolic, bodily forms. Where gaps in the referential process exist for the patient, the analyst's own experience and associations operate to evoke new connections for her we see this process in moment-by-moment glimpses of the analyst's experience and his interactions with the patient. Gaps in the reader's knowledge, and possibly the analyst's knowledge, of the patient are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{Mahoney, author = {Mahoney, P.}, title = {Women's Discourse and Literature}, series = {Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society), Vol. 19 (1983), pp. 444-459.}, journal = {Contemporary Psychoanalysis, New York (William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society), Vol. 19 (1983), pp. 444-459.}, language = {en} } @misc{Guo, author = {Guo, Wenchao}, title = {Women's Freedom Tortured by Existence - Interpretation of the Doctrine of >Summer Bird Cage< [生存对女性自由的拷问 - 对《夏日鸟笼》的人本主义解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {>A Summer Bird-Cage< (1963) is the virginal novel of Margaret Drabble (b. 1939), the famous contemporary woman writer in Britain. In the novel, Drabble creates two different characters, Sarah and Louise. Though they are sisters, they vary from one another in life value and pursuit. Through the description of their discrepancies, Drabble uncovers the contemporary British women's predicament. Actually, A Summer Bird-Cage undertakes to reveal the true state of contemporary women, whether the women >in the cage< or >outside of the cage<, cannot escape from alienation and loneliness. Previous scholars and critics have done some research on the theories of alienation, freedom and love, for example, the well-known American humanistic psychologist and philosopher in the 20th century, Erich Fromm has made a profound study on them. Furthermore, several scholars and critics make studies on literary works based on the Fromm's theories. As for A Summer Bird-Cage, there are also a lot of studies on it since its publication, though more to be followed in the future, just as what the thesis intends to do. Based on these studies and enlightened by Fromm's theories, the thesis takes A Summer Bird-Cage as the object of study, trying to analyze the contemporary women's predicament in this novel from the aspects of alienation, freedom and love.- In terms of alienation, Drabble shows a panorama of women's dilemma in the contemporary society in A Summer Bird-Cage, and she studies the various conflicts brought about by the materialized society in the course of industrialization, elaborating that the western modern society is suffering from alienation without love. It follows that alienation as a common phenomenon has spread over each corner of the contemporary society.- As far as freedom is concerned, through the common predicament of both married and unmarried women in A Summer Bird-Cage, it reveals that freedom is double-edged as well as marriage. As for freedom, women pursue it, but too much freedom may not contribute to their predicament. As for marriage, it is not only a >cage< with bondage, but also a >bay< for women to escape from freedom. Freedom or marriage seems like a double-edged sword, torturing women's existence at times. Thus, facing freedom, are women supposed to go after it or escape from it? They are at a loss.- As for love, it is the theme running through A Summer Bird- Cage. Fromm has made a profound study on love in contemporary society, and he makes a conclusion that people's alienation and fear of freedom originate from lacking of love. In the novel, both Sarah and Louise don't have the proper understanding of love. Moreover, they live a life without love. All these result in their predicament. Consequently, it may safely be concluded that, >Love is the answer to the problem of human existence< (Fromm 1956: 7). And love can be the satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence. While, as for the dilemma brought about by the modern civilization, Drabble fails to point out a way-out, and she lacks the courage to overthrow the alienated and male-dominated society.- However, the open ending of the novel also hints that Drabble may see a pin point light penetrating darkness and a ray of hope beyond despair. The greatness of Margaret Drabble lies in the fact that her works reflect women's social predicament vividly and truly. To a certain degree, Drabble's A Summer Bird-Cage provides with an access to the knowable community by depicting the women intellectuals' life in the contemporary society. Essentially, love is only regarded as a struggle for the women, particularly when their existence is threatened.}, language = {zh} } @article{Buren, author = {Buren, Jane Van}, title = {Women's Internal Reality: Birthplace or Graveyard}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (2004), pp. 303-320.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (2004), pp. 303-320.}, language = {en} } @article{Mayer, author = {Mayer, E. L.}, title = {Women, Creativity, and Power.}, series = {Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2003), pp. 114-124}, journal = {Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2003), pp. 114-124}, language = {en} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Qian}, title = {Women's Escape in Life - Interpretation of >Dear Life< from the Perspective of Fromm's View of Freedom [女性在生活中的逃离 - 弗洛姆自由观视域下的《亲爱的生活》解读], Master thesis, English Languange and Literature, Henan Normal University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2019 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {爱丽丝•门罗是加拿大女性作家,2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主。她终身致力于短篇小说创作,享有>我们的契科夫<的盛誉,是当代短篇小说大师。门罗最新的一部短篇小说集《亲爱的生活》于2012年出版,由十四篇故事组成,揭示了门罗关于成长,婚姻,爱情,疾病和死亡的永恒主题;这部小说一经发表就引起了广大评论界的关注;同时,它也是门罗力荐给读者的最后也是最好的一部作品。国内外许多学者以及文学评论家从多个不同角度评析爱丽丝•门罗的小说《亲爱的生活》。然而,大多数研究关注主题、文化、叙事艺术,女性主义、存在主义,比较文学及心理学等方面。门罗对女性生活日常的心理刻画细致入微,她笔下的女性人物在追寻着自由的同时又在逃避着自由;生活于她们而言是一场自由进行曲,这使得她们挣扎于个体自我、家庭和社会期望之间的矛盾需求。而弗洛姆的自由说中所蕴含的一些独特阐释又恰恰为这一研究提供了理论支持。本文借埃里希•弗洛姆的自由论试析《亲爱的生活》中五个故事里的女性。全文分为三个部分,引言、正文和结论;其中,正文本分由四个章节组成。引言介绍了爱丽丝•门罗和小说《亲爱的生活》,埃里希•弗洛姆的自由论,以及国内外对门罗的《亲爱的生活》的研究和评论,进而点明本文的研究意义:以弗洛姆的自由观中所涉及的>纽带<、>逃避<、>自发<为理论出发点,分析门罗的小说,揭示女性生活的实质。第一章是本文的理论基础。详细阐述了弗洛姆自由论的三个重要概念,>纽带<>逃避<与>自发<。在现代社会,个体为获得自由摆脱了曾赋予其生命以意义和安全的所有>纽带<,却又陷入了无能为力及孤立的状态。为了摆脱这种不安全的状态,个体开始竭力>逃避<自由,却被束缚在新纽带关系之中。但以牺牲个体自我为代价的新纽带并不能恢复他失掉的安全感。因此,这种>逃避<又给人套上了新的枷锁。而>自发<以不压抑自我、不割裂理性与本性为前提,能够帮助个体获得真实自我并依照其自由意志进行活动,使其重新找回安全感,实现真正意义上的自由。第二章从>纽带<的双重含义来具体分析女性在生活中所面临的困境。女性在不同的人生阶段扮演着多重角色,相应的也承受着多重的困境;而>纽带<,作为女性与家庭和社会联系的节点,在给予女性安全感的同时,也限制了她们对自由和自我实现的追寻;因此,女性徘徊于自我需求,家庭责任和社会期待的矛盾边缘,而她们的追寻也被现实生活中的日常琐碎日渐湮没,并逐渐在家庭与社会生活中变得无力与孤独。因此,>纽带<又成为了她们追求自由与自我实现的一种束缚与枷锁。第三章以>逃避<的深层次概念来关注女性在生活中的心理历程。自由所带来的孤独与无力感迫使女性个体在逃离束缚后开始寻求新的>纽带<关系。以感性占据统治地位的女性以爱之名屈从于外在男性权威,致使她们在生活中为了寻求丢失的安全感而牺牲掉一部分的自我。而内在权威又假借责任和良心之名无形地制约着女性,迫使她们在生活中放弃自我需求,回归理性。无论是感性占据抑或是理性占据,都是一种割裂自我,压抑自我的>逃避<,因此,新的>纽带<是暂时的,脆弱的。第四章从>自发<的概念进一步阐释了女性在生活中屡屡失败的根本原因及出路。女性>逃避<到新的>纽带<关系中注定是失败的,生活中的意外与悲剧便是最好的见证;女性对权威的依附其实是对安全感和权利的依附,而这种以牺牲部分或全部自我为代价的>逃避<是不牢固的,一旦时机成熟便会再次唤醒女性对内在自我的追寻;因此,自发性的缺失是导致失败的根本原因;唯有在实现自我的完整性的基础上,女性才能在寻求自由与幸福的同时与他人建立起平等独立的关系。基于以上的讨论和分析,结论部分指出门罗所塑造的女性人物在不同的人生阶段面临着不同的生存困境,表面上看似幸福的生活背后隐藏的是无尽的孤独与无力感。面对社会与家庭的双重压力,女性游走于社会或家庭需求与自我需求的矛盾边缘,不论是被动的屈服或主动地尝试,在现实生活中,她们仍然会与意外与悲剧不期而遇。尽管,这种生存困境对于女性而言是一种普遍存在的现象,但她们对自由和幸福的追寻是永无止境的。而且,她们终将通过自发性的活动找到生活的意义。}, language = {zh} } @book{Jordanetal, author = {Jordan, J. 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An Anthology for Writers, Boston (Little, Brown and Company) 1972, pp. 223-228 [= 1955a, pp. 177-184]}, number = {partial reprint / Teilabdruck}, language = {en} } @article{Fromm, author = {Fromm, Erich}, title = {Work in an Alienated Society}, series = {D.J. Burrowa and F.R. Lapides (Eds.), Alienation. A Casebook, New York, 1969, pp. 63-86 [= 1955a, pp. 120-151]}, journal = {D.J. Burrowa and F.R. Lapides (Eds.), Alienation. A Casebook, New York, 1969, pp. 63-86 [= 1955a, pp. 120-151]}, number = {partial reprint / Teilabdruck}, language = {en} }