@misc{Cai, author = {Cai, Xiujuan}, title = {The Solitude of Dubliners. Joyce's >Dubliners< Psychoanalytic Interpretation [都柏林人的孤独 - 关于乔伊斯《都柏林人》的新精神分析解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 2006, 47 pp. [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {James Joyce's works, which are dense, obscure and full of symbols and metaphors, always attract the attentions of scholars at home and abroad. His early work Dubliners follows the traditional realistic with writing style; though it is not so much disputable as his later writings, it still cannot be ignored by Joyce researchers. In the past few years, the studies about Dubliners mainly focused on its narrative skills, epiphany, characterization, culture, symbols, mythic prototype or the relation with his later works. Although Joyce doesn't adopt stream of consciousness in Dubliners to show the characters' inner world directly, he has already made his preliminary research on Dubliners' existence and their spiritual world. Especially at the turn of the century, Ireland faced grand social unrest: the colonial domination of British government, the failure of Irish Independence, the ivory-towered Irish Renaissance and the invasion of Roman Catholicism, all of them made Ireland go into a dead end. The whole society was permeated with a kind of pessimistic mood. Ireland went into paralysis and Dublin was the center of it, which caused the pessimism, emptiness and perplexities of the Dubliners. Hence, solitude became a common disease of the adults. Beginning with the story of >Eveline<, all the Dublin adults are living in isolation and without love.- This thesis will use American psychologist Erich Fromm's Neo-Psychoanalytic theory on >solitude< to analyze the Dublin Adults' isolated psychological and mental state. According to Fromm's theories, the mood of solitude is inherent in human existence. This solitude cannot be eliminated completely but man could transfer it by many ways. Through Dubliners, Joyce displays the Dubliners' solitude and alienation that are caused by social paralysis and their negative methods to transfer it, such as orgy and Abstinence. However, these methods to escape from solitude don't rescue them from it but drive them into anguish and anxiety. So how to save the Irish nation and how to cast off their mental crisis, Joyce suggests the way to rescue themselves from the isolation in the last story of Dubliners. Just like the hero Gabriel's final epiphany: though their bodies are alive, their spirit has already stepped into the procession of the dead; and the men who are still alive are those dead that have the passions and unpretending characteristics of the Irish nation. In >The Dead<, Joyce intentionally brings his readers to west Ireland. In his eyes, only these westerners have the Irish nation's unsophisticated pure characteristics; their generosity and selflessness.}, language = {zh} }