@article{Carter, author = {Carter, J. D.}, title = {Secular and Sacred Models of Psychology and Religion}, series = {Journal of Psychology and Theology, Vol. 5 (1977), pp. 197-208.}, journal = {Journal of Psychology and Theology, Vol. 5 (1977), pp. 197-208.}, abstract = {Religion has been viewed with varying degrees of favor or disfavor by psychology. Early in psychology's history, Freud was critical of religion; many Christians reacted with equal disfavor to psychology. More recently, Christians have attempted to articulate the relationship between psychology and Christianity. These attempts have followed the same 4 approaches or models that psychologists traditionally have taken toward religion. The present article describes and analyzes the secular and Christian versions of the 4 common models: psychology against religion, psychology of religion, psychology parallels religion, and psychology integrates religion. In addition, psychologists such as G. Allport, S. Freud, E. FROMM, V. Frankl, C. Jung, O. Mowrer, and F. Thorne, as well as several Christians who have attempted to integrate psychology and Christianity, are classified according to these models.}, language = {en} }