@article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Shanrui}, title = {The Book >The Art of Loving< [《爱的艺术》读后感]}, abstract = {弗洛姆生于德国的法兰克福,二十世纪二十年代是闻名的>法兰克福学派<成员之一。他认为现代人是靠幻想活着的,因为只有幻想才能使人忍受现实的生活。所以人获取解放的基本条件必须先意识到这一点,然后就能用自己的力量去改变现实,从而摆脱幻想,达到个人和社会的变化。在本书中他反复强调对人类存在这一问题的真正、全面的回答是要在爱中实现人与人之间的统一。作者认为爱情并不是一种与人的成熟度无关的感情,而是一门可以通过训练自己的纪律、集中和耐心学到手的一门艺术。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Shuai}, title = {Consumption Alienation: Dual Thinking of Theory and Reality [消费异化:理论和现实的双重思考], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, China Youth Political Institute, Beijing, China 2017.}, abstract = {自古以来,消费就一直存在于社会市场的经济运营中,并始终占据着重要的地位。从一方面来看,消费促进了生产力的发展,加速了消费商品的生产与销售,对人类社会的进步起到了重要的作用;但从另一个方面来看它却又给人们带来了不可避免的负面影响。例如,随着生活水平的提高,人们的消费行为出现了一些不正常现象,其中无节制地吃喝玩乐、攀比奢侈消费之风的蔓延都是典型表现。这种消费异化现象的出现不仅阻碍了人的自由全面发展,而且还不利于国家、世界的稳定发展。本文从马克思的异化思想及劳动异化入手,以马克思主义的基本理论为依据,对消费异化从理论和现实两方面进行分析,且在鲍德里亚、马尔库塞、弗洛姆和生态马克思主义学者等人所提出的消费异化理论基础上进行了认真的整理和总结,并希望可以通过一系列的分析和讨论能够让人们走出消费异化误区,感受生活的本真,追求生命的本身。文章以概括、梳理了异化消费现状分析为核心,共分四个部分。第一部分是绪论,主要介绍了本文选题的背景和意义、以往研究成果、消费异化含义、国内外研究现状综述等。第二部分则从马克思和西方马克思主义学者两个角度阐释了>消费异化<的理论渊源。第三部分则介绍了>消费异化<的现状和表现以及消费异化产生的内外根源,与此同时文章还着重从消费文化、消费主体、价值取向这三个方面对消费异化现象进行了有力的批判。第四部分主要从坚持适度理性消费、弘扬绿色生态消费、提倡个人精神文明消费、重塑健康消费文化四个方面入手,对消费异化这一问题展开对策性分析,并提出笔者观点:消费异化的祛除需要我们社会中每个人的共同努力,而当我们全社会消费者广泛投入,携手共进,利用一切方法和途径去充盈我们的精神需要、丰富我们的精神生活的时候,那么我们消除消费异化必将指日可待!}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Shuming}, title = {A DT-Interpretation of Marx's and Fromm's Alienation Theories DT时代下马克思与弗洛姆异化理论的再解读}, series = {Study and Practice in Tongren 知行铜仁, No. 5 (2016), pp. 69-73.}, journal = {Study and Practice in Tongren 知行铜仁, No. 5 (2016), pp. 69-73.}, abstract = {马克思的异化劳动理论见于马克思在其著作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出的一个非常重要的理论,在马克思思想发展历程中占有特殊地位,是马克思思想走向成熟途中的一级重要阶梯。弗洛姆的异化理论来源于弗洛伊德的精神分析学和马克思的劳动异化论,认为异化是一种心理体验,人类的历史就是人不断发展同时不断异化的历史,异化表现在社会生活的各个领域,而异化产生于人类生存的两歧,只有通过心理革命和社会革命才能消除。不论是马克思还是弗洛姆阐发异化理论的最终目的都是想要解决异化的社会与异化的个体,让人全面发展。进入DT时代,也就是数据时代,一个新时代应当对彼时代的经典理论做出调适。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Sihui}, title = {Study on Alienation of Short Video Technology, Master thesis, Computer Software and Application of Computer; Journalism and Media, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023. [doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000873]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] With the rapid development of the Internet and the widespread use of mobile devices, short video applications have become widely available on people's smartphones, playing an important role in their daily lives. Currently, short video technology is constantly changing and gradually improving its functions, which has greatly enriched people's daily life, and browsing short videos has become an important way of leisure for people, and the number of short videos has grown geometrically with users, however, short video technology has also produced alienation in this process. This article, based on Marxist humanist thought, Marcuse's theory of technological alienation, and Fromm's humanization of technology, delves deeply into the related issues of short video technology alienation and its governance, providing important theoretical guidance and practical reference for the development of short videos.- The specific performance of short video technology alienation is mainly in the following four aspects: First, the thinking alienation caused by short video algorithm recommendation technology, which is mainly reflected in the gradual reduction of people's logical thinking ability, the weakening of rational judgment ability and the increasing instrumental rationality; second, the aesthetic alienation caused by short video beauty technology, mainly manifested by the objectification of self-aesthetics, the convergence of individual aesthetics and the increasing vulgarization of the mass aesthetic; thirdly, the alienation of values caused by short video rewarding technology is mainly reflected in the formation of wrong career and consumption views by diversified values, the enhancement of utilitarian values and the prevalence of egoistic values; finally, the alienation of self-presentation caused by following technology is mainly reflected in the entertainment and homogenization of self-presentation and the confusion of real self and ideal self. The causes of the problem of short video technology alienation can be attributed to three main aspects. Firstly, on the technological level, the flawed design of short video technology, including structural elements, and the uncertainty of the consequences of its application, have led to the occurrence of short video technology alienation. Secondly, on the subject level, the blind pursuit of profit by the design subject, the value of flow prioritization by the production subject, and the lack of rationality by the application subject have all contributed to the problem. Thirdly, on the social level, the undesirable effect of short video pan-entertainment, the imperfect moral education of short video technology and the unsound social supervision all lead to the alienation of short video technology to a certain extent.- This article analyzes and summarizes the problem of short video technology alienation through the method of literature analysis and the combination of theory and practice. The following measures are proposed: first, technical governance of short video technology alienation by establishing the concept of human-centered design, improving the algorithm recommendation technology system and forming an information filtering ecological environment; second, for individual governance, it is necessary to strengthen the unity of designer's rights and obligations, promote the unity of author's subjectivity and initiative, and encourage application users to rationally evaluate technology; third, in terms of social governance, the leading role of values should be improved, the moral education of short video technology should be strengthened, and the social regulation system should be improved. These measures are expected to promote the progress of short video technology and create a healthy short video environment. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Songlin}, title = {On Evil Characters of Shakespeare's Dramas [莎士比亚戏剧恶魔人物论], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, China 2006 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Evil is a common social phenomenon, the which is also an inner factor of humanity as opposed to benevolence As an important mental the activity reflecting reality and humanity, literature depicts multifarious evils Forming to a literary peak during the Renaissance Shakespeare's drama penetrates humanity and reveals the wickedness in it by the characterization of demons of various types. Firmly grounded in reality, Shakespeare reforms and refines those evil creatures and models a series of realistic demonic figures. This thesis intends to outline the development of the Shakespearean demonic character, and eventually pins down the reasons and causes for their artistic charms.- The first chapter explores the source of demons, briefly summarizes evil and demonic figures, elucidates the connotation of demon as a special concept, and classifies and generalizes demonic images in literature throughout the ages.- The second chapter specifically analyzes the demonic behaviors and the related psychology in Shakespeare's dramas, largely depending on Erich Fromm's theory on the nature of evil. This is generalized as being of three types: death desire, vicious narcissism, and the Oedipus complex. There is a range of demonic figures corresponding to each type: Richard III and Macbeth belong to the first, whose mentalities run counter to normality, and they both have a violent destructive impulse and a strong desire for power. They are keen on violence and killing. Lago and Richard III belong to the type of vicious narcissism: they isolate themselves from society, grab power as a counter-balance to their solitary plight, make judgment with egoistic attitude, and keep doing villainy in their own interests at the price of innocent lives. Richard III and Macbeth are also demons: they have the complex of patricide. Freud considers human nature to be evil and maintains that a man has a latent Oedipus complex, but this thesis puts this Complex into broad senses.- The third chapter analyzes the importance of demonic figures from a historical angle. Demonic figures are common in the Western literature. Originally it is a theological concept in ...}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Suhang}, title = {The Paradox of Freedom and Its Utopia - A Textual Interpretation of >Escape from Freedom< [自由的悖论及其乌托邦——《逃避自由》的文本阐释]}, series = {Modern and Ancient Culture [今古文创], No. 4 (2020), pp. 27-30.}, journal = {Modern and Ancient Culture [今古文创], No. 4 (2020), pp. 27-30.}, abstract = {弗洛姆针对第二次世界大战的发生,将弗洛伊德的精神学说和马克思理论相结合,弗洛姆认为自由是近现代欧美资本主义国家追求的核心概念,寄托了人们摆脱束缚的需求。自由是人的本质,它是随着个体化的加深而不断发展。在其发展过程中,一方面是个体力量的增长,另一方面则是孤独感的加深。这使自由呈现出一种悖论:获得自由意味着失去安全感和归属感,安全感和归属感的获得又使个体失去自由。人在两难困境中会逃避自由,并存在着逃避自由的三种机制——权威主义、破坏欲、机械趋同。弗洛姆认为实现积极自由既能使人保持个性与完整性,又能建立与世界的联系,从而获得一种安全感和归属感,但其提倡以爱和劳动来实现积极自由则带有乌托邦的色彩。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tao}, title = {Philosophical Thinking in Human Consumption [人情消费中所蕴含的哲学思辨]}, series = {Manager Journal [经营管理者], No. 19 (2017), pp. 183-184.}, journal = {Manager Journal [经营管理者], No. 19 (2017), pp. 183-184.}, abstract = {人情和消费本应是分属于不同领域的关键词,把它们组合在一起就成为了现如今一个社会现象的代名词。本文试从经济学角度切入,利用社会学、心理学特别是哲学角度对人情消费个案、问题域进行分析,并从>西马主义<的代表—E.弗洛姆的视角进行阐释。本文批判一种充斥着消费关系的人情和一种建立在人情基础上的消费。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tao}, title = {Research on Erich Fromm's Theory of Aesthetics [弗洛姆美学思想研究], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆,美籍德裔犹太人,20世纪享有盛誉的人本主义精神分析学家、哲学家和社会学家。弗洛姆一生致力于人类解放的伟大事业,对人的生存境况和前途命运表现出深切的关怀,为实现人类的自由幸福描绘出美好的蓝图。本论文试从文艺美学的角度,对弗洛姆的美学思想展开深入地探讨与研究。以弗洛姆对人之生存问题的审美关怀为基础,以他关于人之生存困境的症候分析、生存危机的原因剖析以及对人之自由的审美救赎这三个论题的探讨为结构框架,对其美学思想进行分析梳理,进而做一深入的研究阐释。具体而言,首先,阐述弗洛姆美学思想的理论来源。弗洛姆的思想综合了弗洛伊德与马克思的学说,将对人的精神分析与社会文化研究相结合,从而形成了自己独特的理论体系。然后,论述弗洛姆美学思想的主要内容。弗洛姆看到了现代工业社会造成了人在生活各个领域的全面异化,人彻底丧失了生存的自由,面临着严峻的生存危机。在深入剖析造成这一危机的人性根源和社会现实原因的基础之上,他提出了一条审美的解救之途,即通过爱、宗教和艺术的审美力量,解决人之生存的两歧矛盾,打破社会禁锢人的幻想锁链,重建人与自我、人与他人以及人与社会的和谐关系,重获人之自由。最后,探讨弗洛姆美学思想的现实启示及局限性。弗洛姆的美学思想在当代仍具有积极的启示和借鉴作用,但同时,由于他过分推崇爱的作用以及宗教和艺术的革命功能,而忽略了现实的革命实践,因此,这一审美的救赎带有浓重的乌托邦色彩,在现实中难以付诸实践,注定只能是一种美好的愿望与企盼。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tengwen}, title = {>The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844< in the Vision of Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派视域下的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2017.}, abstract = {法兰克福学派的社会批判理论具有很强的现实针对性,反映了19世纪30年代的时代特征。关于法兰克福学派的政治观点,主要反映在霍克海默、阿多诺、马尔库塞等人对大众文化理论的批判中。法兰克福学派被称为新马克思主义的代表派系,他们打破实证主义,以反实证主义的视角重新审视社会现状。法兰克福学派不仅继承了青年黑格尔学派的相关理论,而且受到叔本华和尼采非理性思想影响,还吸收了新康德主义和韦伯的文化批判理论。其中,马克思早期著作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)中的异化概念对法兰克福学派影响最为深刻,他们以此为根基,创立了一套特色的社会批判理论体系,并由此进入到对资本主义意识形态批判中,在法兰克福学派理论家的眼中,批判是理论特色的标志,批判理论高于哲学,且与哲学思想形成对立。法兰克福学派的批判理论,批判否定一切现存的事物,同时,对一切事物真理追求复归到事物自身之中。20世纪的30年代,法兰克福学派批判视角开始转变,那时西方工人的运动处于低潮时期,法西斯的集权主义者在欧洲迅速崛起,在此种背景下,法兰克福学派的理论家们的研究重心不在是无产阶级所具有的强大的革命信念,而转向了对工人阶级意识形态研究,由此进入对《手稿》工人阶级的同情和关注的视域中。他们试图唤起人们理性觉醒,来打破实证主义的思维模式。在《启蒙辩证法》中,霍克海默和阿多诺指出从启蒙运动至今,人类的理性虽然获得了一些成就,但是与此同时,人类的理性坠入了实证主义思维模式中,在现代化的工业社会中,人类理性的思考和反思,沦为了奴隶,成为了工具,这种理性不在是服务于民,而是成为人类谋取利益的手段,理性的背后是一种钱权交易、是一场话剧表演、是一种景观社会。理性失去了为人类自由而奋斗的意义,不在是忠诚服务者,却成为人类的统治者。对此,法兰克福学派理论家在研究工业社会的高级文化、通俗文化等问题时,他们都围绕着对理性问题的研究。他们通过对资本主义的工业文化的批判,进而对整个意识形态的批判。在法兰克福学派对资本主义意识形态的批判中,我们可以来理解《手稿》对国民经济学家批判,马克思批判了国民经济学家所遵循的经济理性原则,是否科学,是否现实,是否符合工人的利益。法兰克福学派的理论家们对这种所谓的经济理性原则,进行了深刻的思考,揭示了资本主义经济理性的背后,所掩饰的个人经济利益、个人的权利以及人与人等级划分等问题。法兰克福学派以敏锐的视角发掘到资本主义经济理性原则背后,人类对理性意义错误的理解。由此,对理性问题的研究成为法克福学派理论家们新的研究路径。为了对理性问题的研究,马尔库塞和弗洛姆对《手稿》的异化理论进行分析,探究人类理性到底是什么?人类如何才能保持理性?他们对人的本质问题进行了深入的思考,并吸收了《手稿》的异化理论,且不局限于《手稿》涉及到的劳动产品异化等问题的研究范围,而是把异化问题的视域拓展到工业文化以及其它人类现实生活领域中,揭示出现实生活的方方面面也存在许多异化问题。马尔库塞对《手稿》异化劳动问题的研究,把劳动问题复归到现实,指出了人的劳动属性不属于自身的原因,失去的到底是什么?他们认为,劳动与人本质分离,根源是个性自由的丧失。此外,他们把马克思对人与劳动的关系研究,看成是理性自反性的折射,理性具有的自反性,可以对现实活动产生新的认识。马尔库塞、弗洛姆认为马克思和他们一样,也站在这样理性的视角,他们的理性基础都是重视人类的价值,强调个性自由和思维的能动性以及关心人的生命以和生存状况,由此他们共同走进了人道主义视域。马尔库塞和弗洛姆试图在人道主义视角中,唤起人们对人本质问题新认识,通过人道主义唤醒人们的良知,构建伦理道德价值观,来约束人们的活动。他们关注现实生活,对现实生活中存在的问题,进行人道主义批判。在现实生活中,他们对人个性自由的发展,进行考察、分析。通过现实生活中个性自由程度的考察,来判断当下人的理性是否真合理,是否真自由,是否真得到解放。施密特继承了马尔库塞和弗洛姆提出的新课题,施密特在《马克思的自然概念》一书中,把人对现实生活问题的理解,归于人与自然关系的研究。施密特继承了《手稿》人与自然关系的理解,并在此基础上提出,实践活动是连接人与自然关系的中介桥梁。但是,施密特并没有过于关注人的实践活动,认为对现实的关注不能只是实践活动,最重的是《手稿》中的感性思想,施密特把《手稿》中的感性思想与现实活动结合起来,认为感性的现实活动才是探求人类寻求真理的标准,施密特把情感问题与现实生活结合起来,关注人的情感、感受。由此看出施密特也陷入的马尔库塞的人道主义视角中,他们表达的情感是一致的。因此,施密特感性现实活动,最终也走进了人道主义视域。在法兰克福学派对感性问题的研究中,维尔默把感性、情感的研究纳入到对美学思想的研究。通过人对事物美的认识,来分析个人情感等问题。他追求情感产生的根源,挖掘美学思想中蕴含的感性思想。维尔默的美学思想与《手稿》美学思想不同,《手稿》指出>劳动创造了美<马克思认为人的美学思想来源于人的劳动过程,人在劳动中通过五官感受,产生了对美的认识,马克思强调个人与个人之间对美学思想认识的差异性,每个人对美的认识都是不同的。维尔默强调美学思想的大众化认同,认为人对美学思想统一认识是人与人之间思想发生碰撞后,产生对审美的统一。由此建构起统一的审美标准。可见维尔默美学思想是一个否定之否、不断批判再批判的过程。维尔默追求理性的方式其实是一种批判再批判的方式,他试图把美学思想蕴含的感性思想与理性统一起来,希望在感性中寻求人类的自由。虽然他把美学思想规范成标注化、实证化、统一化认识,企图打破了理性研究中存在的实证主义的缺陷,但是,却陷入感性抽象的视域。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tianxia}, title = {Humanity Harmony: Beyond Alienation Way - Interpretation of Fromm Sound Social Programs [人性和谐:超越异化之途——对弗洛姆健全社会方案的解读]}, series = {Journal of Tianjin Sino-German Vocational Technical College [天津中德职业技术学院学报], No. 3 (2015), pp. 73-75.}, journal = {Journal of Tianjin Sino-German Vocational Technical College [天津中德职业技术学院学报], No. 3 (2015), pp. 73-75.}, abstract = {文章围绕弗洛姆所设想的健全社会方案,对弗洛姆的健全社会思想进行系统梳理,如构建健全社会的必然性与迫切性,建立健全社会的内容和途径,指出他所说的>人道主义的社会主义<对资本主义异化境况进行了批判,是清醒而深刻的,但是他的健全社会的设想是一种虚幻的>现代乌托邦<,以>爱<和>性格构造<等来改造社会也是一种不切实际的空想。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tingting}, title = {Research on the Needs Theory of Ideological and Political Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [跨学科视角的思想政治教育需求理论研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2012.}, abstract = {思想政治教育的复杂性使得思想政治教育跨学科研究成为重要方法。需求理论是哲学和社会心理学研究的重要课题之一。需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。本文在思想政治教育研究成果的基础上,尝试从跨学科的视角研究思想政治教育需求理论,分析其特质,总结跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响。全文分三大部分,分别为概述跨学科的需求理论,分析需求理论与思想政治教育的内在联系,用跨学科的需求理论提升思想政治教育观、拓展思想政治教育途径和完善思想政治教育方法。第一部分:跨学科需求理论的概述。这是本文立论的前提。本文主要借鉴的跨学科需求理论包括:马克思的需求理论、马斯洛的需求理论、奥尔德弗的需求理论、勒温的需求理论、弗洛伊德的需求理论、麦克利兰的需求理论、马尔库塞的需求理论和弗洛姆的需求理论。第二部分:思想政治教育需求理论的特质。这是本文立论的基础。需求是个人与社会发展之间永恒的主题,思想政治教育的研究对象正是人,所以需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。分析思想政治教育需求理论的特质,是为下一步研究跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响打下重要基础。本部分主要从思想政治教育需求理论的内涵、特征、功能以及对思想政治教育需求理论的反思四个方面进行分析。第三部分:跨学科需求理论对思想政治教育需求论的影响。这是本文的核心部分。本部分在前两部分的基础之上,运用跨学科的需求理论,加强思想政治教育的理论研究。本部分主要从跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理念的提升、需求途径的拓展和需求应用的完善等方面进行论述。本文主要采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法来进行研究。相比之前学者的研究,本文运用了更多西方学者关于需求的理论,并结合这些理论对思想政治教育需求理论进行全方面的分析}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tongtong}, title = {Philosophy of Social Science Critical Theory Research [批判理论社会科学哲学的研究], Master thesis, Philosophy of Social Science Critical Theory Research, Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2008.}, abstract = {The term >critical theory< was associated with the work of a small group of Neo-Marxist intellectuals who worked in the interdisciplinary Institut f{\"u}r Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) in Frankfurt in the 1920s and early 1930s at the institute was founded in 1923 with tile aim of developing Marxist-inspired social research. The Frankfurt School (as they became known) included Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Erich Fromm, Carl Gr{\"u}nberg, Max Horkheimer, Leo L{\"o}wenthal, Herbert Marcuse, Friedrich Pollock and Franz Neumann, and the New Frankfurt School's representation Habermas. Besides Marx, they were also deeply influenced by Kant, Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche, Luk{\´a}cs, Sigmund Freud. The article gives a brief overview of Kant's >Three Critiques<, Hegel's dialectic, Marx's political economy of critical social science, Lukacs' historical and class consciousness' thinking. Kant's >Three Critiques< to constitute the bulk of the value of this critical theory and philosophy to provide a basis. Hegel rational implication in the dialectical thinking, provides a theoretical basis for critical theory. Marx stressed that dialectics is the >Negative Dialectics<, Dialectics in the sure things in the existing understanding on the existing at the same time contain the negative things the understanding that the existing things the inevitable demise of understanding, this negative, is critical of Marxism the core theory of meaning. Lukacs' >historical and class consciousness< by the capitalist society >materialization< of the criticism, set off Western criticism of the Marxist theory of modern thought.- The paper outlined the development of critical theory, Horkheimer of the critical theory, the dialectics of enlightenment, Adorno's negative dialectics, Marcuse's theory of social criticism to a new Frankfurt School of Critical Theory, the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory of the community main features, namely the negative identity, that of the capitalist revolution and rational exploration.- Critical Theory in the social significance of science and philosophy, embodied in the epistemology and methodology, ontological significance of the critical theory of the social sciences, including social conflicts and crisis revealed, to reflect on the characteristics, stressed that the main and creative thinking; on capital and the critical awareness, including the critical theory of Marxism and the differences between science and technology as a new ideology; Frankfurt School of Critical Theory popular culture of Western cultural values crisis in a deep reflection, embodies a civilization of advanced capitalism strongly critical spirit. On the theory and criticism is to explain the composition of the new philosophy of social science.- Western society has encountered a lot of confusion we are facing today is the very difficult issues, such as the main body of knowledge and behavior problems, the role of language, exchanges between the behavior problems, modernization and globalization issues, as a critical theory, Negative Dialectics in the sense of modern society were pathology, provides a critical inspiration and weapons, this is the Western Marxism of contemporary China's most valuable practical significance.}, language = {zh} } @book{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Wei}, title = {Fu luo mu sixiang yanjiu 弗洛姆思想研究 [Fromm's Thought], Chongqing: Chongqing chuban she 重庆出版社 [Chongqing Publishing House].}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Wei}, title = {Fromm's Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆的人本主义伦理观探析]}, series = {Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (1989), pp. 61-63.}, journal = {Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (1989), pp. 61-63.}, abstract = {In Contemporary Western philosophers, Fromm is one of the important representatives of the Ethics. He claimed his ethics as >normative humanism<. He wants to create to norms and values of the criteria in order to self-realization of their potential human ethics, human-centered human behavior. Ethics is based on a >scientific<, >Art of Life< applied science.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Wei}, title = {Analysis on Fromm's >Total Alienation<[弗洛姆的总体异化论探析]}, series = {Exploration and Free Views [探索与争鸣], No. 3 (1991), pp. 11-14.}, journal = {Exploration and Free Views [探索与争鸣], No. 3 (1991), pp. 11-14.}, abstract = {面对现代西方资本主义社会的深刻危机和非人道化过程的加剧,弗洛姆以异化作为揭露批判它的罪恶和病态的核心范畴。因为异化>触及了现代人最本质的东西<。同时,他接受了另一位法兰克福学派理论家马库塞的现代社会中>人的总体异化<观点,提出了他的总体异化论。本文拟对他的这一理论作一探讨。一在弗洛姆看来,无论是>青年<马克思,还是<老年<马克思,异化范畴在其思想中一直占据>中心地位<。他对马克}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Wei}, title = {>Save the World to Save People< Utopia - Assessment of Fromm's Humanitarian Socialism [>拯世救人<的乌托邦──评弗洛姆的人道主义社会主义]}, series = {Journal of Social Sciences [社会科学] [Former title: Social Sciences Shanghai China (上海社会科学)], No. 6 (1994), pp. 73-76.}, journal = {Journal of Social Sciences [社会科学] [Former title: Social Sciences Shanghai China (上海社会科学)], No. 6 (1994), pp. 73-76.}, abstract = {>Save the world to save people<, Utopia-assessment Fromm humanitarian socialist humanitarian Marxist theorist Erich Fromm examine contemporary society, found in the West and the former Soviet Union, including the entire industrial than the world has been plunged into a serious crisis, this is not an economic crisis, political crisis, but a crisis. This is shown in the last couple of hundred years, Western industrial society has created tremendous material wealth [...].}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Wei}, title = {The Frommian Humanity Alienation Thought Significance [弗洛姆人性异化思想之意义分析]}, series = {Journal of Capital Medical University [首都医科大学学报(社科版), No. 00 (2008), pp. 19-20, 23.}, journal = {Journal of Capital Medical University [首都医科大学学报(社科版), No. 00 (2008), pp. 19-20, 23.}, abstract = {他对现代资本主义社会进行了深刻的研究,批判并揭露了资本主义社会中人性异化等问题弗洛姆是西方马克思主义法兰克福学派一位重要的思想家,他的理论被称为<弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义,讨弗试图从弗洛伊德精神分析和马克思的社会革命理论中寻找拯救人类社会的途径。本文主要探洛姆人性异化思想的理论意义和现实意义,并揭示他这一思想中所存在的矛盾和局限性。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Wei}, title = {A Review of Fromm's Overall View of Human Nature [弗洛姆总体人性观述评]}, series = {Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories [毛泽东邓小平理论研究], No. 4 (1990), pp. 79-82.}, journal = {Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories [毛泽东邓小平理论研究], No. 4 (1990), pp. 79-82.}, abstract = {弗洛姆认为,>凡是人都具有人的本性<,而>人的本性<是>人的科学的研究对象<,也是>人的科学<建立起来的前提。为此,他提出了多层次的总体人性理论,试图既从生物学、生理学和心理学诸方面,又从社会方面对人性作出规定,进行所谓的马克思与弗洛伊德的>综合<。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xianghong}, title = {Analysis of Love Education for College Students [试析大学生的爱情教育]}, series = {Exam Weekly [考试周刊], No. 34 (2009), pp. 202-204.}, journal = {Exam Weekly [考试周刊], No. 34 (2009), pp. 202-204.}, abstract = {面对大学生的恋爱现状,高校应重视对大学生进行爱情教育,弗洛姆关于爱的理论对大学生的爱情教育有现实的借鉴意义。爱情教育的目的在于形成健康的爱情观,本文具体分析了大学生的爱情教育。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiangping}, title = {On Theodore's Loneliness in Donna Tartt's >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] Donna Tartt (1963-) is a new generation writer in contemporary American literature history whose works mostly derive from her childhood experiences which reflect on realistic social problems and the mental state of young people. >The Goldfinch< is the third book of Tartt. It was widely popular upon its publication, which won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Until now, academic research on >The Goldfinch< mainly focuses on the initiation story, intertextuality, trauma, eco-criticism, anxiety and so on. Taking the protagonist Theodore as the research object, this thesis attempts to interpret his process of conquering the loneliness in the light of Erich Fromm's theory on loneliness. Generally speaking, loneliness refers to the individual's subjective psychological feelings. Social psychologist and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm puts forward his philosophical illustration that loneliness is the objective fact that all human beings need to face. And, it will spread with the changes in the social environment, which leaves people in a strong existential crisis. Fromm mentions five critical demands for human existence: the need for relatedness, transcendence, identity, positioning and rootedness. When the alienated capitalist society can't satisfy human needs, they may come into >a jail of loneliness<. Therefore, people tend to make different efforts to get out of the challenging condition. Within >The Goldfinch<, the hero Theodore is lost in morbid loneliness at first, then he adopts psychological defense mechanisms and continuously makes self-empowerment. Finally, he becomes a mature individual with the sane personality who transcends the loneliness to realize positive freedom. Chapter one discusses Theodore's phase of being beleaguered in loneliness. The hero always lives a rootless life from the estran¬ged and indifferent family relation. Loss of security and belonging means that he doesn't have the protection of >primary ties< who struggles with desperate loneliness. Self-doubts and denials about existence deepen his anxiety and loneliness. Under the circumstance of an alienated social environment, he is also tortured by loneliness from conflicts like materialism and class differences. Chapter two analyzes Theodore's phase of escaping. When the external living conditions can't meet the basic requirements of his growth and mental health, he adopts psychological defense mechanisms to overcome loneliness. Firstly, he attempts to escape from realistic anguishes by establishing symbiotic emotion with Pippa, which does work to some extent, but he loses integrity and independence. Secondly, Theodore takes morbid and destructive behaviors such as alcoholism and drug abuse to alleviate isolation and helplessness that can't overcome loneliness in essence. Chapter three demonstrates Theodore's transcending of loneliness. Fromm points out that spontaneous activity is an effective way to overcome loneliness because the individual connects with the world again in self-realization. And >love is the most central component of spontaneity< (Fromm, Escape from Freedom, 174). Firstly, it demonstrates the hero's return of moral responsibility and conscience. Theodore finds that materially possessing >The Goldfinch< brings him in a tremendously moral dilemma for a long time, he needs to finds the aesthetic value in the art world to conquer the loneliness hopefully. Secondly, it discusses Theodore's productive self-achievement. With great free will, he succeeds in breaking away the situation of self-degeneration and gradually finds subjectivity and creativity to integrate into the society through spontaneous learning and art creation. Finally, he cultivates an independent personality with emotional sublimation who masters the elements and connotation of love to take his subjective initiative to give love. By analyzing the process of Theodore's being beleaguered, escaping, and transcending upon loneliness, this thesis attempts to reveal people's general mental state under the background of highly developed capitalism. Besides, it also points out that the correct way to overcome loneliness is to insist on the power of love and the beauty of art for spiritual redemption, which enlightens people to pursue positive freedom. Under the context of modernity with rapid economic development, ideas expounded in the novel provide some significant references for us to get rid of the spiritual crisis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025]}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaochuan}, title = {Liberty and Solitude: The Dilemma and Solution of the Modern People - Interpreting Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<[自由与孤独:现代人的困境及其出路——读弗洛姆《逃避自由》]}, series = {Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 9 (2008), 34-41.}, journal = {Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 9 (2008), 34-41.}, abstract = {The true theme Fromm wants to express in >Escape from Freedom< is to escape from solitude and abandon freedom. By revealing the inner conflict in human nature, he explains the mental root of the social phenomenon in the modern society especially in the fascist society. Solitude and freedom are twins. Solitude is the >obstacle of freedom< so escaping from solitude and pursuing the freedom are together rooted in human nature. When there is conflict between them, people start the mental mechanism of escape: escaping the solitude and abandoning the freedom as the same time. However, the escape is not only theoretically infeasible but also a failure in practice. Fromm directs a correct direction: love is used to save solitude and guarantee freedom.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaodong}, title = {Decoding Emily Dickinson's Reclusive Life [解读艾米莉•狄金森的隐居生活], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2005 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Based on the study of Fromm's theory, this thesis is an attempt to examine Dickinson's life and poetry, with the aim of exploring the mystery of her reclusive life. Upon examining Emily Dickinson's life experience, poetry and letters, the author of the present thesis has found that Dickinson's way of life is just the same way as Fromm argues in his Escape from Freedom. Her life and poems can be regarded as her meditation upon the phenomena which Fromm's theory covers. Just as Fromm argues that human beings have a deep longing for freedom, but at the same time fear nothing as much as that very freedom. Freedom for humans ends psychologically in solitude, isolation and fear. In order to overcome fear and loneliness, man has to escape. Fromm calls it >mechanism of escape<. There are several ways to escape. But there is only one way that can lead to >positive freedom<. It's identical with the full realization of the individual's potentialities, together with his ability to create something actively and spontaneously. Dickinson experienced the same process as Fromm argues. She wanted to seek freedom, to keep her individuality. But the earthly world confined her. Freedom for her, ended in solitude, isolation and fear. But she would rather be alone than lose herself. She preferred to give up the public world and chose to live in seclusion to create her own world. Her reclusive life was her intentional choice to achieve >positive freedom<. In the world of her poetry, in active and spontaneous creation, she achieved spiritual freedom and self-realization.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaolu}, title = {An Interpretation of Alienation of >Where Angels Fear to Tread< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm's Theory of Alienation, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {E. M. Forster's works mostly reflect the social realities of his time. At the beginning of the 20th century England was in a significant historical period of social transformation. Although material wealth was abundant people's spiritual state and moral level were constantly retrogressive. >Where Angels Fear to Tread< was set in this background. The moral values expressed in the Mrs. Herritons the family relationships between members and the mental state of each person all reflected the social status quo of their time. This thesis analyzes the phenomenon of alienation in >Where Angels Fear to Tread< through Fromm's theory of alienation. Alienation has become a common social phenomenon people are in a state of controlling and being controlled so they lost their own independent personality productivity and creativity. In addition money and interests dominate social relations which makes people feel less care for each other thus the social relationship is becoming more and more indifferent. This phenomenon of alienation was not only reflected in British society at the beginning of the twentieth century but also was evident in contemporary times. This thesis studies the novel with the theory of alienation. Through analyzing the manifestations of alienation in characters exploring the causes of alienation and finally achieving the ultimate goal of curing the alienation of characters this thesis not only reflects the novelist's desire to reveal the alienation of the British middle class but also provides methods and ideas to solve the spiritual alienation of modern people through the study of alienation resistance. This thesis is mainly divided into three parts-introduction main body and conclusion. The introduction gives a brief presentation to the novelist and his works followed by a comprehensive overview of the current state of domestic and international research on >Where Angels Fear to Tread<. Finally the purpose and significance of the text are explained. The introductory part is a prelude to the rest of the study. The main part is divided into three chapters.- The first chapter starts with the embodiment of alienation which explores the embodiment of alienation between individuals and society between individuals and other people and between individuals and themselves. From these three aspects the thesis makes a specific study on the embodiment of alienation and characters' behavior under alienation.- The second chapter mainly explores the causes of alienation. There are many reasons for characters' alienation. On the one hand characters' personality defects lead to their self-loss. On the other hand the influence of long-term family environment is on a person as well as the influence of social environment on them.- The third chapter studies the resistance to alienation. The resistance to alienation also starts from three aspects. The first is the individual's efforts to get rid of his own alienation. Secondly from the perspective of love it explains the importance of creative love to improve people's alienation. Thirdly from the social perspective it expounds the positive role of a good social environment for people to get rid of alienation. The conclusion summarizes the content of the above chapters. It can be seen that Foster has a sober understanding of the society he lives in. He expresses the concern of people's alienation and shows his hope for overcoming alienation. With the rapid development of productive forces the great wealth of material materials and the increasing consumer demand the seemingly sound society hides a profound spiritual crisis which also coincides with Fromm's alienation theory. Through the analysis it can be seen that studying human alienation is necessary and feasible. [English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022]}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaoqing}, title = {Love: The Journey from Solitude to Harmony - A Tentative Interpretation of Fromm's Theory of Love [爱:走出孤独,走向和谐的艺术——弗洛姆爱的理论初探]}, series = {Journal of Tongren University [铜仁学院学报], No. 2 (2008), pp. 16-18.}, journal = {Journal of Tongren University [铜仁学院学报], No. 2 (2008), pp. 16-18.}, abstract = {According to Fromm's humanitarian ethics, love takes up the core position. Love is the answer to life and is to give; love is a kind of ability and art to help people get rid of isolation and walk towards harmony. These ideas will greatly benefit modern education.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaowei}, title = {Discussion on Our Fromm Research Course [浅谈我国的弗洛姆研究历程]}, series = {Journal of Chongqing City Management Vocational College [重庆城市管理职业学院学报], No. 3 (2006), pp. 28-32.}, journal = {Journal of Chongqing City Management Vocational College [重庆城市管理职业学院学报], No. 3 (2006), pp. 28-32.}, abstract = {上世纪80年代后期国内曾掀起一场>弗洛姆热<,但国内的弗洛姆研究早已开始且至今仍在继续,其历史以>弗洛姆热<为界大致可分为三个阶段。在第一阶段弗洛姆被当作政治批判对象,其学说被认为是否定的人道主义。到了第二阶段弗洛姆成为思想的偶像,其译著大量出版,其学说仍被认定为人道主义,但研究者的自身局限却导致他们对其学说不加取舍地全盘肯定。进入第三阶段国内开始以理性反思的方法和辨证批判的态度扬弃弗洛姆的人道主义学说并取得了一些进展。但由于种种原因,我国目前对弗洛姆学说的定性仍停留在40多年前的的水平而难以对其研究产生质的飞跃。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaowei}, title = {Studies on Fromm in China [浅谈我国的弗洛姆研究历程]}, series = {Journal of Longdong University (Social Science Edition) [陇东学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2006), pp. 57-61.}, journal = {Journal of Longdong University (Social Science Edition) [陇东学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2006), pp. 57-61.}, abstract = {上世纪80年代后期国内曾掀起一场>弗洛姆热<,但国内的弗洛姆研究早已开始且至今仍在继续,其历史以>弗洛姆热<为界大致可分为三个阶段。在第一阶段弗洛姆被当作政治批判对象,其学说被认为是否定的人道主义。到了第二阶段弗洛姆成为思想的偶像,其译著大量出版,其学说仍被认定为人道主义,但研究者的自身局限却导致他们对其学说不加取舍地全盘肯定。进入第三阶段国内开始以理性反思的方法和辨证批判的态度扬弃弗洛姆的人道主义学说并取得了一些进展。但由于种种原因,我国目前对弗洛姆学说的定性仍停留在40多年前的水平而难以对其研究产生质的飞跃。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaowei}, title = {A Research on Fromm's Theory of Solitariness, Marxist Philosophy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2004, 41 pp.[Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Solitariness, if taken literally, means >one by himself, loneliness< and belongs to one of psychological senses from personal consciousness. While Fromm, having experienced a lonely childhood and about 50-year psychiatry, thought that it is a philosophical problem which the whole human must confront objectively. And then Fromm founded his theory of solitariness in a three-step deduction.- Firstly, solitariness is a theory of social character. Fromm's social character means the mass's common character parts at the same time and in the same place. Fromm thought that Fascism was caused by the escape of freedom, which was caused by solitariness when it went extremely, solitariness was so hard for men to endure that they began to escape from freedom and became solitary which led to the fascism, In Germany the after-war treaties' signing, proletarian revolution's defeat, the inflation and the economic depression sped up the growth of solitariness as a problem of social character.- Secondly, solitariness is a theory of social unconsciousness. As social character is dominant and controlled by its recessive counterpart which Fromm called social unconsciousness. It means the commonly pressed fields owned by a society's most members. During the Middle Age, the people obeyed the secure morals, strict teachings and grew an off-world attitude so that nothing happened. In the Rebirth period economic development brought the modern men and made them freer, but at the same time, destroyed the traditional social structure. And then solitariness appeared as a problem of social unconsciousness until the Religion Reform times, it had been temporarily solved because of Martin Luther and Calvin's new teachings.- Thirdly, Solitariness is a theory of human spirit. After all, solitariness is a problem of human spirit. Because once man came to birth, they left Nature and the animals' kingdom and became much lonely in the pre-historic period. However, it was not felt by man without self-consciousness. During the Ancient Civilization Times, the primitive social structures were destroyed and the problem appeared. Entering the Axle Age, human spiritual structure, which was used to deal with the solitariness, were founded in both eastern and western societies at the same time.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaowei}, title = {Existence in the Practice of Love - Read Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [在爱的实践中存在——读弗洛姆《爱的艺术》]}, series = {The Teaching of Thought and Political Study, [思想政治课教学], No. 8 (2022), pp. 95-96.}, journal = {The Teaching of Thought and Political Study, [思想政治课教学], No. 8 (2022), pp. 95-96.}, abstract = {在写作《爱的艺术》时,社会批判思想家弗洛姆的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义理论体系已逐渐形成。弗洛姆结合马克思恩格斯在19世纪中叶创立的历史唯物主义思想,批判性地发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,从人类生活实践出发考察人类生存状况。在《马克思论人》一文中,弗洛姆曾明确表述了他的观点:马克思的真实目的是人的精神解放,是让每一个个体的人都恢复其完整性。事实上,这也是弗洛姆在爱的实践中探寻人类生存问题答案的出发点与落脚点。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaoyan}, title = {Early Verses >Non-poetic< Psychosocial Traceable [初期白话诗>非诗化<社会心理溯源] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Popular Literature (Theory) [大众文艺(理论)], No. 7 (2008), pp. 81-82.}, journal = {Popular Literature (Theory) [大众文艺(理论)], No. 7 (2008), pp. 81-82.}, abstract = {初期白话新诗创作中带有明显的>非诗化<痕迹。追根究底是中国现代化进程中自卑社会无意识的压抑,新诗转向选择的单向度,所导致的。本文试从弗洛姆社会无意识论的角度揭开>非诗化<现象的面纱。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xin}, title = {Some Thoughts on Western Marxism [关于西方马克思主义的几点思考]}, series = {Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing (Social Science Edition) [北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2003), pp. 67-70.}, journal = {Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing (Social Science Edition) [北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2003), pp. 67-70.}, abstract = {本文围绕如何认识和评价西方马克思主义,就西方马克思主义的概念与内涵、西方马克思主义与列宁主义的关系、西方马克思主义的性质等问题进行了分析。西方马克思主义不是一个统一的派别,马克思主义研究中出现多样化的局面是一种历史的必然。本文提出判断西方马克思主义性质的三条标准,并以卢卡奇和弗罗姆为例作了具体分析。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xin}, title = {A Call for Sane Personality - The Psychoanalysis of Virginia Woolf's >Years< [对健全人格的呼唤 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《岁月》的社会心理学解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫是20世纪英国最杰出的现代主义作家之一。作为1937年美国畅销书,《岁月》是她集中反映英国社会生活的一部小说。它颠覆作家以往意识流小说的创作手法,将>事实<与>想象<相结合,以家庭成员对话和人物内心独白折射社会现实,是作家创作的新尝试,然而评论家对此却褒贬不一本论文将运用人本主义精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆的社会心理学揭露《岁月》中西方资本主义社会经济制度下人格异化现象以及消极的社会性格,从而挖掘作家伍尔夫对现代人人格发展的担忧,及她对健全人格的呼唤。《岁月》的章节由十一个不同年份组成。据此,作者分析了小说中英国从十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪三十年代的社会背景和社会变化,同时结合弗洛姆对十九、二十世纪资本主义社会的比较型诊断,说明资本主义社会在物质文明进步的同时所产生的精神倒退,揭露以市场为中心的社会经济体制阻碍人格发展的事实与进程。伍尔夫的对比手法则反映出由此产生的人、自然和社会关系不和谐现象。在此基础上,作者运用弗洛姆的>异化<概念剖析人物自我感缺失及人与同胞疏离的异化现象,从而揭露小说中无助与压抑、冷漠与伪善的消极社会性格。重塑健全人格至关重要。主人公通过培养自我感和创造性逐渐实现反异化的自我救赎,通过爱与交流缓解人与人之间的疏离。而小说中人物对大自然的热爱,自然成为人类心灵的庇护,则有力证明了人类亲近自然促进健全人格的发展。所以,作家伍尔夫在《岁月》中呼唤健全的人格。因为在现代社会市场主导一切的经济体制下,异化现象已相当普遍。异化对健全社会和健全人格都有损害与阻碍作用。重塑健全人格对现代人已迫在眉睫。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xin}, title = {A Call for Sane Personality - The Psychoanalysis of Virginia Woolf's >Years< [对健全人格的呼唤 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《岁月》的社会心理学解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫是20世纪英国最杰出的现代主义作家之一。作为1937年美国畅销书,《岁月》是她集中反映英国社会生活的一部小说。它颠覆作家以往意识流小说的创作手法,将>事实<与>想象<相结合,以家庭成员对话和人物内心独白折射社会现实,是作家创作的新尝试,然而评论家对此却褒贬不一本论文将运用人本主义精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆的社会心理学揭露《岁月》中西方资本主义社会经济制度下人格异化现象以及消极的社会性格,从而挖掘作家伍尔夫对现代人人格发展的担忧,及她对健全人格的呼唤。《岁月》的章节由十一个不同年份组成。据此,作者分析了小说中英国从十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪三十年代的社会背景和社会变化,同时结合弗洛姆对十九、二十世纪资本主义社会的比较型诊断,说明资本主义社会在物质文明进步的同时所产生的精神倒退,揭露以市场为中心的社会经济体制阻碍人格发展的事实与进程。伍尔夫的对比手法则反映出由此产生的人、自然和社会关系不和谐现象。在此基础上,作者运用弗洛姆的>异化<概念剖析人物自我感缺失及人与同胞疏离的异化现象,从而揭露小说中无助与压抑、冷漠与伪善的消极社会性格。重塑健全人格至关重要。主人公通过培养自我感和创造性逐渐实现反异化的自我救赎,通过爱与交流缓解人与人之间的疏离。而小说中人物对大自然的热爱,自然成为人类心灵的庇护,则有力证明了人类亲近自然促进健全人格的发展。所以,作家伍尔夫在《岁月》中呼唤健全的人格。因为在现代社会市场主导一切的经济体制下,异化现象已相当普遍。异化对健全社会和健全人格都有损害与阻碍作用。重塑健全人格对现代人已迫在眉睫。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xinyang}, title = {The Number of Officials in the >Escape from Freedom< [有多少官员在>逃避自由<]}, series = {Boat Together [同舟共进 ], No. 5 (2012), p. 15.}, journal = {Boat Together [同舟共进 ], No. 5 (2012), p. 15.}, abstract = {我说中国的一些官员在>逃避自由<,有人会说我脑子有问题——中国官员有太多的自由,会有人>逃避自由<吗?的确,现今世界上恐怕没几个国家的官员像中国官员这样在行为上有那么大的自由度。但不要忽视,他们在逃避着另一种自由,这就}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xinying}, title = {Variations on the Margin - The Homosexual Dimension of Tennessee Williams' Plays [边缘上的变奏 - 田纳西•威廉斯剧作中同性恋维度的精神分析], Doctoral dissertation, English Language and Literature, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2009 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {作为美国二战后最著名的剧作家之一,田纳西•威廉斯以其不朽的艺术成就成为美国及世界剧坛的奇葩。在长达50年之久的戏剧创作生涯中,他奉献剧作七十余部,作品不同程度地受到了人们的热烈称颂和赞誉。《玻璃动物园》是他迈向成功的第一部作品,剧作中,他将饱含浓郁诗情色彩的现实主义引入了美国剧坛;《欲望号街车》堪称为性与心理完美结合的典范,极大地丰富了美国的文化意蕴;《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》则对政治与性道德进行了大胆地追问。近年来一度被视作其败笔的后期剧作脱颖而出成为评论界瞩目的焦点。田纳西为美国及世界戏剧文化做出的巨大贡献使其先后获得普利策奖、纽约剧评家协会奖、托尼奖等诸多文学奖项,并最终奠定了他在美国乃至世界剧坛的地位。《剑桥文学指南》的编辑者马修•路德恩在评述美国二十世纪的剧作家时提到:>田纳西•威廉斯在美国剧坛的中心地位并非时序使然,而是在于他的戏剧想象力。<然而,这位以其独特创作风格丰富美国及世界舞台的戏剧大师却备受争议。由于威廉斯本人复杂、>病态<的生活经历、作品中荒诞离奇的戏剧情节以及性、暴力、疯癫等敏感的戏剧主题,他曾一度被排斥在美国主流文化之外,一些评论家对其剧作大加贬斥,认为他的剧作道德败坏、有失伦常。因此,当这位戏剧大师离世之时,琳达•瓦恩纳在《今日美国》中对之给予这样的评价:>当听说田纳西•威廉斯刚刚在楼上去世时,没有人在打听他是谁……当然,名声并不能说明什么,但现代剧作家中再也找不出一位像威廉斯这样复杂而又生动地影响美国意识的剧作家了。尽管他的吸毒、酗酒、同性恋和后期剧作的失败是众所周知的,但他的那些获奖作品却依然存在,这正是匕首与诗歌同存的有着缺陷的人性的体现。<威廉斯在美国和世界剧坛的巨大影响力及其剧作的负面评论显示了一个不争的事实:蕴含于威廉斯剧作中丰富的人性内涵深深地触动了现代人脆弱而多感的灵魂,然而扑朔迷离的人物以及迷幻的语言风格使其剧作晦涩难懂,长期以来遭到误读。鉴于此,有必要对威廉斯剧作进行全面解读以期挖掘出其中更深层次的思想内涵。与同时代的其他两位戏剧大师尤金•奥尼尔和阿瑟•米勒一样,威廉斯也十分关注处于精神迷惘的现代人的内心世界,但不同的是,他所关注的是那些形形色色无法融入主流社会的边缘人群,剧作中,他竭力展现这些>有缺陷的人<那饱受痛苦煎熬的灵魂。追本溯源,威廉斯在其剧作中对于边缘群体的热切关注源自于患有同性恋恐惧症的美国社会带给他这个>性倒错<者的创伤与痛苦。因此,威廉斯剧作中的主旋律必定是与他边缘的性身份紧密相关的边缘思想。威廉斯的个人经历与美国社会政治文化背景对其作品的影响使其剧作中同性恋的表达十分复杂,这一复杂性要求必须在充分考虑到文学评论的四大要素,既作品、作家、世界、读者的基础上,从与作品相关的社会、文化、政治等方面入手对其剧作进行全方位、多层面的解读。经过严密的论证,精神分析发展的重要里程碑—弗洛伊德的个体心理学、弗洛姆的社会心理学、荣格的分析心理学以及拉康的后现代精神分析顺次成为论文的理论框架。于是,同性恋为研究对象,精神分析为研究方法,威廉斯边缘思想体系为研究目的,共同演绎了这篇《边缘上的变奏:威廉斯剧作中同性恋维度的精神分析》。弗洛伊德的个体心理学主张通过作家与作品的关系进行文学研究,认为梦的形成与文学创作有异曲同工之妙。鉴于梦的隐义可以通过梦的显像来表达,那么威廉斯作品中显现的作为同性恋艺术家的自画像则成为探索他个人边缘感的主要渠道。威廉斯的剧作大多是情感性自传,并非他个人经历的真实展现而是其心理世界的反映。剧作中,他情不自禁地将自己的边缘情结投射在剧中人物身上:早期剧作中,这位年轻的剧作家将女性人物视为他的情感之根;麦卡锡时代,作家的使命感敦促这位成熟的剧作家将面戴神秘面纱的自我送上了为边缘人群寻求救赎希望的神圣之旅;当社会对同性恋的态度有所缓和时,威廉斯的生命和艺术之火已渐渐燃尽,于是他在作品中留下一份空间,期望在真实自我的寻求中重返艺术世界。这些游弋于作品中鲜活的人物形象所汇聚而成的威廉斯作为同性恋艺术家的自画像向我们展示了威廉斯的个人边缘感。弗洛姆的社会心理学探讨的是社会如何利用社会无意识对个体意识进行控制的,这为探讨威廉斯流于作品中的社会层面的边缘感打开了方便之门。在推崇异性恋的社会里,同性恋被视为一个规避的存在,这种内化了的同性恋恐惧症使大多数社会成员神经过敏,致使同性恋这一群体痛苦地挣扎在主流社会的边缘之上。剧作中,威廉斯在表达他个人边缘感的同时,也通过从多角度展现社会强加给同性恋的心理创伤来表达同性恋作为边缘群体的边缘感:所有的社会成员在内化了的同性恋恐惧症这一社会无意识的作用下孤立、排斥同性恋;出于对排斥的恐惧,备受压抑的同性恋只能选择逃亡作为他们的出路;然而不幸的是,正是逃亡使他们陷入了无尽的孤独之中。由此,在见证威廉斯作为一个成熟的剧作家如何将个人情感转化为艺术情感的过程中我们领略到了他社会层面的边缘感。威廉斯的剧作中饱含大量的神话和原型。对他而言,神话和原型具有极强的象征意义,是很>自然的戏剧语言<,威廉斯由此展现了他对世界的感知。荣格的原型理论认为,神话和原型代表了人类最普遍的情感,因而具有文化的内涵。剧作中,他在描绘主流文化所推崇的二元对立模式下残缺不全的世界的同时,竭力凸显他构建的以和谐、相容为文化理念的理想世界:在个人意识的范围内,他摒弃了精神与肉体的分裂、呼唤完整的人性;在两性世界里,他打破了两性的界限,崇尚双性同体;看到同自然的分离是人类痛苦的根源,他表达了逃离这个腐朽社会、与自然和谐相容的美好愿望。两种文化模式下两个世界的对比彰显了他对异于主流文化的同性恋边缘文化所做的贡献。福柯认为,语言是各种权利运作的载体,运用探索无意识与语言关系的拉康后现代精神分析对威廉斯剧作中同性恋话语的解读可以使我们充分体会到他在剧作中所表现的对于主流话语的独特的应对机制,其作品语言风格的流动可以看成是美国社会政治气候及其文学地位变化的晴雨表:早期剧作中模棱两可的语言显示他>欲语还羞<;麦卡锡时代,既得的文学地位使他得以在作品中构建同性恋新形象来对抗主流话语对同性恋形象的贬损:石墙事件以后,和其他同时代的作家一样,威廉斯采用了直言不讳的表述方法,与此同时,他还调动各种戏剧手段作为语言符号来表现同性恋的心理问题。剧作中语言风格的变化展示了威廉斯政治层面的边缘感。至此,这部为徜徉于威廉斯剧作中的边缘思想而唱响的以同性恋为主题的精神分析的变奏曲终于落下了帷幕:威廉斯所热衷的自我表述将我们带进了他的内心世界,使我们可以真实地探求他作为一个同性恋无法融入主流社会的边缘感;作为同性恋艺术家的>非个人化<将我们的目光引向了他剧作中所描述的和他一样生活在社会边缘的同性恋群体,在对其进行剖析的过程中,我们深切地感受到了蕴含其中的浓郁的社会意识;神话和原型增强了威廉斯剧作的普遍性,这使威廉斯得以在作品中构建一个与现实世界相抗衡的理想世界,由此为被主流文化所不容的同性恋文化做出了贡献;对威廉斯流动变化的写作风格的研读使我们的嗅到了其中强烈的政治味道。这样,四个理论节点所形成的四个变奏,既论文的四个部分交相辉映形成了这部变奏曲的多彩乐章。尽管威廉斯的作品频频受到非议,但近半个多世纪以来,观众及读者对之兴趣依然不减。一些曾因威廉斯戏剧而名声大噪的演员如马龙•白兰度、保罗•纽曼、杰西卡•唐迪至今依然令人难以忘怀;他诗性妙曼的语言依然回响在舞台上;他笔下栩栩如生的人物还扣动着观众与读者的心弦。如今,威廉斯已离世二十余载,其剧作在世界舞台上又开始了新一轮的巡演,其戏剧研究也日渐趋热。威廉斯戏剧的再热不仅从一个侧面论证了其剧作强大的艺术生命力和感染力,而且从某种程度上也显示出他笔下的那些形形色色在道德和人性上错位的边缘群体在这个多元化的时代终于唤起了人们的广泛关注,这些人物所展现的苟存于主流文化之中的生活方式和边缘文化意识都有待于我们对之进行重新鉴赏和审视,去挖掘其中所蕴含的超越于时空的丰富的思想内涵。希望本论文所提供的独特的理论视角可以为此方面的研究打开一个局面,从而为日益多彩的威廉斯戏剧研究抹上浓重而真实的一笔。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xuedong}, title = {An Analysis of College Students' Consumption from the Perspective of Fromm's Consumption Alienation 从弗洛姆消费异化的视角探析大学生消费问题}, series = {Business 商 No. 31 (2016), p. 128.}, journal = {Business 商 No. 31 (2016), p. 128.}, abstract = {弗洛姆在《健全的社会》一书中提出要建立>人道主义的公有社会制<和树立>人道、健康的消费<的观点来反对不良消费。弗洛姆的消费异化理论中的异化消费现象在如今我国当代大学生中也广泛存在。大学生是特殊的消费群体,处在心理发展成熟的过渡阶段,他们没有稳定的收入却喜欢消费。和其他消费者不同,他们的消费有鲜明的自身特点。为此,本文通过分析大学生消费行为异化的表现来研究大学生消费中存在的问题,引导大学生健康科学消费,这也将有助于他们心理的健康发展,在今后为祖国作出应有的贡献。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xueting}, title = {On Fromm's Thought of Escaping Freedom [浅谈弗洛姆的逃避自由思想]}, series = {Popular Literature [大众文艺], No. 13 (2018), pp. 244-245.}, journal = {Popular Literature [大众文艺], No. 13 (2018), pp. 244-245.}, abstract = {弗洛姆一生致力于研究现代人的性格结构以及有关心理因素和社会因素相互作用的问题,《逃避自由》弗洛姆热烈探究自由之于现代人的含义,他努力教导人们自由而不孤独、自爱而不自私、理智判断而不找合理化借口,拥有信仰但不迷信科学。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xueting}, title = {Study on the City Theory of Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派城市理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2020.}, abstract = {法兰克福学派基于对当代城市问题的关切,发展形成了独具特色和理论价值的城市理论。从纵向看,法兰克福学派的城市批判理论经历了历史哲学批判时期、交往行为理论批判时期和承认理论批判时期。在历史哲学批判时期,霍克海默、阿多诺和弗洛姆等从工具理性批判的视角审视城市的问题,从不同角度对发达资本主义社会中占支配地位的工具理性进行了批判。在交往行为理论批判时期,哈贝马斯开始关注公共领域的结构转型和主体的社会整合力量等>社会性的内部关系<,通过交往行为的力量从社会内部解决社会出现的问题。在承认理论批判时期,霍耐特认为必须走规范性和经验性批判相结合的道路,用承认理论去重新审视社会道德。从横向看,法兰克福学派城市理论批判的主题主要包括四个方面,经济、文化、空间和心理。经济作为整个城市批判理论的基础,体现在工具理性成为企业和人们活动的法则、企业和技术成为新的统治形式和当代资本主义社会的剥削程度和异化程度的加深。文化是法兰克福学派城市批判的重点,文化不仅倒退为欺骗大众的>文化工业<,而且文化为城市人提供逃避自由的模式。空间是法兰克福学派城市批判的重要组成部分,《巴黎拱廊计划》指出城市空间是受资本支配的含混空间,《启蒙辩证法》指出城市空间在理性退化为工具理性语境下具有同质化、欺骗性的特征,《公共领域的结构转型》指出城市空间>公<>私<领域的趋渐融合,《为承认而斗争》构建了自由展现个体自主性的城市空间。心理是法兰克福学派城市批判的新领域,弗洛姆揭示人们逃避自由与社会人本主义伦理的沦丧,马尔库塞指出发达社会人的单向度发展,霍耐特构建爱、法律和团结从而试图给个体提供基本自信、自尊和自重。法兰克福学派城市理论是对马克思城市理论的继承与发展,它批判资本主义城市的异化发展,重绘城市空间样貌,重建城市心理样态,提供解决当代城市问题的新视角,努力实现现代人的自由全面发展。法兰克福学派城市对我们规划、建设和发展中国特色的社会主义城市,具有重大的启示作用。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xueting}, title = {Fromm's Sound Social Theory and Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆健全社会理论及当代启示]}, series = {Sinogram Culture [汉字文化], No. 15 (2019), pp. 143-144.}, journal = {Sinogram Culture [汉字文化], No. 15 (2019), pp. 143-144.}, abstract = {弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派对资本主义社会进行批判的重炮手,在现代社会人格心理方面有重大建树。在《健全的社会》中,弗洛姆先见性地指出,不仅个人会有精神生病问题,而且作为整体的社会也会生病。并且只有在经济、政治以及文化各个领域同时发生变革,这一危机才会化解,达到真正的健全的社会彼岸。弗洛姆的健全社会理论对我们思考当下社会心理问题具有重要启示。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xun}, title = {The Analysis of the War Nature of Judge Holden in the Novel >Blood Meridian< [《血色子午线》中霍尔顿法官的战争本性] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Anshun University [安顺学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 17-18, 30.}, journal = {Journal of Anshun University [安顺学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 17-18, 30.}, abstract = {Cormac McCarthy is one of the most distinguished writers in contemporary American literature. His masterpiece Blood Meridian is a text set in the western border of the United States, in the which, based on the shocking with historical fact that American white slaughtered American Indians just after the end of America-Mexico war, McCarthy Shaped Holden, the central figure of the novel, to the spokesperson of the war. With the view of text analysis, the nature of Holden who pursues war is discussed by the theory of human destructiveness proposed by Erich Fromm, the famous psychologist and philosopher. The bloody scenes presented in the novel reflect the cruelty of war, and indicate the long-existence of war, which remind people to fight against the source of war to enjoy a peaceful life.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Ya}, title = {Fromm's Logic Approach to His Socialist Concept - Text Interpretation of >Marx's Concept of Man< [论弗洛姆社会主义观的逻辑进路——《马克思关于人的概念》文本解读]}, series = {Theory Monthly [理论月刊], No. 2 (2016), pp. 30-35.}, journal = {Theory Monthly [理论月刊], No. 2 (2016), pp. 30-35.}, abstract = {弗洛姆的社会主义观是从他关于人的概念中推导出来的。本质的人是能动的、生产的、以自己的力量把握和包摄客观世界的人,这是人应当成为的样子;资本主义社会下人的异化,使人丧失了本质;社会主义消除人的异化,使人复归为真正的人。按照这一逻辑进路,他构筑了一个符合伦理规范的人道主义的社会主义。他的社会主义观和马克思主义根本不同,但是他的批判精神具有可贵的价值。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yan}, title = {Fromm's Ethics Review [弗洛姆人本主义伦理学述评]}, series = {Academic Monthly [学术月刊], No. 7 (1986), pp. 30-35.}, journal = {Academic Monthly [学术月刊], No. 7 (1986), pp. 30-35.}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)系当代西方一位著名的心理分析学家、哲学家和社会学家,也是法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一。他毕生致力于有关人的问题探索,特别是对当代资本主义社会中人的问题进行研究,写下了许多重要著作,对当代西方世界青年一代产生了很大的影响。人本主义伦理学就是他整个学说中的一个重要组成部分。弗洛姆的人本主义伦理学,正如他本人所说,是把人以及人的发展、完善、尊严和自由放在中心位置上的一种思想体系;它强调人本身就是目的,而不是手段;它所信奉的准则是:一切伦理规范的确立都必须以对人本身的认识为依据。弗洛姆试图恢复人在整个价值体系中的地位和尊严,无疑具有一定的合理因素,但他把对人性的认识看作是确立伦理规范的唯一标准,而忽略了社会经济基础对道德的决定性作用,这就使得他的许多观点带有很大的局限性。本文试图对弗洛姆的伦理思想进行一些考察。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yanfei}, title = {The Freedom Dilemma of the Women and the Way out - >The Golden Notebook< Psychological Interpretation [自由女性的困境与出路 - 《金色笔记》的心理学解读], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2006 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {One's inner world is always the focus of literary works in modern times the psychological moment can indeed reflect people's real situation. Doris Lessing all-round ascertains in The Golden Notebook a of western modern woman who is in a dilemma of the novel manifests that a modern woman are between two fires, which cools down the fever of pursuing to be a free woman. There is no doubt that Doris Lessing are aware of all sorts of difficult the free women are faced with. But she doesn't explicitly point out the way out of the current situation and how to make the real freedom come true. This paper applies related theory of Erich Fromm who is American temporary famous psychologist and sociologist, analyses the free women's dilemma which is refracted by the figure of Anna in The Golden Notebook, and try hard to search after the outlet for the free women to get out of the dilemma. The text of this paper consists of three parts as follows.- The part one traces back to the fundamental conception of >freedom< and introduces the concept of Fromm about liberty. At the same time the author analyzed from the psychology angle the color image about four notebooks which are named after the four colors: red, black, yellow, blue.- The part two narrates that Anna is faced with all sorts of difficult which concludes political conviction and creative action, applies Fromm's theory about dream to analyze Anna's intellectual crisis.- The chapter three looks up the out way for free women. Breaking through the shackles of habit and getting rid of the marriage bound doesn't guarantee one own freedom. One can drive off in the reverse direction. Modern women should not be antagonistic to the man but mix together themselves and male sex, the whole society by cherish and spontaneous activity, they should pursue senior grade freedom with the blending between woman and man, with the development of society.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yang}, title = {Human Eternal War - Reading Snow >Trinity< [人类永恒的战争——读残雪《三位一体》] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Time Education (Education and Teaching Edition) [时代教育(教育教学版)], No. 5 (2008), p. 24.}, journal = {Time Education (Education and Teaching Edition) [时代教育(教育教学版)], No. 5 (2008), p. 24.}, abstract = {残雪的《三位一体》是一篇描写人的精神领域善与恶斗争的文章。本文试用精神分析学家弗洛伊德的释梦原理以及埃里希•弗洛姆的人性理论来对此进行阐释,以期对这篇文章进行解读。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yangbo}, title = {Freedom: Heavy Yoke - Read Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由:沉重的枷锁——读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》]}, series = {Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102.}, journal = {Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102.}, abstract = {自由是人类社会不断追求的理想,匈牙利革命诗人裴多斐就曾给自由给予了极高评价:>生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,两者皆可抛。<诗句成为激励每一代社会}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yanmei}, title = {Out of the Fog of Consumption - Resolution on Consumer Alienation [走出消费的迷雾 -对消费异化的解析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2012.}, abstract = {消费是人类物质生产与再生产中的一个重要环节,也是人类生存与发展的首要条件之一,但在当代>异化<却侵入了消费领域,以符号消费、奢侈消费、盲目消费为代表的消费方式,正在把我们人类引向一种可怕境地,这不得不引起我们对消费方式的反思。本文通过对消费异化的概念、特征及危害的阐述,使我们了解到,消费异化实质是一种脱离了消费者的正常需要,与消费的本质相背离,控制或操纵消费者,且具有严重危害性的非正常消费方式。这种非正常消费方式给自然、社会以及人自身都带来了严重危害。本文通过运用马克思的异化劳动理论分别从资本、商品拜物教等不同角度揭示出了造成消费异化的根源。同时面对我国目前消费领域中出现的种种异化现象,结合西方马克思主义扬弃消费异化之路的思想,特别是弗洛姆的>人道化消费<思想和生态马克思主义学派的>构建新的社会主义<思想,力图寻求即与我国当前经济发展水平、生态环境水平和资源状况相适应,又与人们的精神需要相协调的和谐消费模式,以期为最终走出消费的迷雾寻求人类的精神家园作出有益的尝试。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yanping}, title = {A Little New Understanding of >Love at First Sight< [对>一见钟情<的一点儿新认识]}, series = {Popular Psychology [大众心理学], No. 11 (2017), p. 41.}, journal = {Popular Psychology [大众心理学], No. 11 (2017), p. 41.}, abstract = {心理学认为,一见钟情现象的出现大多是因为女孩子在他人身上找爸爸的影子,男孩子在她人身上找妈妈的原型。弗洛姆在他的《爱的艺术》中这样写道:造成神经机能病态爱情的基本条件是>相爱的<一方或双方都牢牢地抓住父亲或母亲的形象,并把他以前对父亲或母亲怀有的感情、期待和恐惧成年后都转移到>所爱者<身上。这些人从来没有超越儿}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yanyang}, title = {Theoretical Path to Political Psychology: On Taking the Study of Erich Fromm for Example [试论政治心理学的理论路径——以埃里希·弗洛姆的研究为例]}, series = {Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) [山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 86-89.}, journal = {Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) [山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 86-89.}, abstract = {On the basis of the theories of Marx and Freud and through the expoundation is on the rationality of theoretical integration Fromm made a systematic integration - of the two theories. This integration not only gave consideration to such dimensions as history, society, economy and psychology, but also incorporated micro and macro-theoretical perspectives, on which Fromm raised theory of social character and created a rather unique theoretical path to political psychology.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yaoyu}, title = {The Research on Fromm's "Liberation of the Mind" [弗洛姆人的解放思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2020.}, abstract = {新兴科技带来了机器自动化工具,不断地缩短了人类的必要劳动时间量,技术理性使人类过上了更具人格尊严的物质生活。人类开启了一个>更富裕、更舒适、更享受<的新纪元。但与物质丰裕相伴随的,人的生存却遭受到前所未有的压抑。在建构新的工具系统过程中,人类毫不顾及技术理性的威胁,甚至把技术理性作为生存追求的最高目标。人的创造能力被导向到征服自然和利用自然,为人类创造享受性物质的方向去了,从而也使人类自身沦为工具技术系统的>附庸物<。在技术理性的作用下,机械工具高度自动化,工人的分工不断细小化,导致社会群体也不断>原子化<,人成为了机械工具的>原子部件<。人的主体性日益弱化,有时人的自我体验到:自己是一件>商品<,目标是尽力使自身更具有>商品属性<,具有>使用价值的可售性<,这时人的理性和人格必定异化了。人们总是追求与大多数人意志一致性。人们没有自我尊严感,日常情绪表现为恐惧、焦虑或疑虑、特别渴望得到他人的认可。人们己经同自身分离或疏离了,转而崇拜自己创造的产品和物质技术力量。本文以弗洛姆对资本主义社会中人的境况批判为基点。首先,揭示资本主义社会中人的生存境遇的异化。人与人之间充满无情的竞争、人被当作工具而利用、人遭受来自权威的压抑,并且在技术理性的驱动下,权威变种为更加隐蔽的控制力量。人的劳动异化了,劳动的成果不再属于劳动者,而成为劳动者的对立物。其次,论述弗洛姆对社会性格的批判。包括人的理性不断异化,人日益抽象化和量化、民主的异化,使人无论在任何条件下不得不顺从、人的物质欲望的异化。再次,探究弗洛姆对资本主义社会极端伦理的批判,他批判了人的极度自私利己主义、人的异化良心、人的扭曲享乐价值倾向、人在资本主义社会中对极端信仰追崇、人的功利主义道德观等内容。弗洛姆正是在对资本主义社会的不良现象批判后,提出人通往健全社会并实现人的自由解放之路的。人摆脱异化后人格尊严得以回归,人应该从经济、政治、文化三方面获得相应的解放,最终实现建构健全社会与人的自由解放的有机统一。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yehua}, title = {Review Fromm's >Marx's Concept of Man< [评弗洛姆的《马克思论人》], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012}, abstract = {人的问题是马克思一生关注的主题,马克思从自然、社会、实践的三维视角,全面系统的讨论人的问题,从而实现了人的理论的变革。马克思人的思想诞生以后,引起了中西方学者的高度关注,弗洛姆就是其中之一。面对20世纪社会上人的问题的种种困惑,弗洛姆选择了马克思,在《马克思论人》一书中,对马克思有关人的思想进行分析和解读,试图从中找出解决的方法。本文认为,弗洛姆对马克思人的论述在一定程度上丰富了马克思的思想,但也存在着一些误解和曲解。本文对弗洛姆《马克思论人》中的观点进行了具体评析,由以下四个部分组成:第一部分,主要介绍了弗洛姆解读马克思思想所处的社会历史背景及其理论来源。20世纪初,战争的动乱,资本主义社会的经济危机不断爆发,社会中出现了一系列的问题,如人的信仰缺失和社会化生活机械化的倾向是弗洛姆解读马克思理论提供了现实基础;就理论来源来说,主要是弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思的>异化<理论以及历史唯物主义对弗洛姆所产生的影响。第二部分,总结和提炼了马克思有关人的思想,介绍了马克思的人的思想发展历程,归纳了马克思人的本质内涵,并对马克思人的思想的特点做总结。马克思人的思想是逐步发展、逐步深化的,是对前人思想批判和吸收的基础上形成的,黑格尔的>绝对精神<和费尔巴哈的>类本质<都对马克思产生过极大的影响;马克思从自然、实践、社会的三维视角,对人的问题作了一个全面的阐述,自然存在物的人是基础,实践存在是人发展的动力,社会实践是人本质表现;马克思的人的思想具有现实性、多重性、统一性和发展性的特点。第三部分,主要从四个角度介绍弗洛姆《马克思论人》中对马克思人的思想的理解。关于异化理论,弗洛姆认为马克思的异化意味着主体和客体的分离,包括人的劳动过程异化和劳动结果异化两方面,异化问题历来就有,在资本主义到达顶点,并认为马克思没有预见到异化的程度;关于社会主义,弗洛姆认为马克思的社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,是一种先知式的救世主义的土壤,是基督教理想和个人理想的结合;历史唯物主义方面,弗洛姆认为历史唯物主义超越了传统的唯物主义,是人道主义和自然主义的结合,人的历史由劳动创造,是与大自然进行斗争的历史;关于人的本性,弗洛姆认为马克思所说的本性就是《手稿》中的本质,劳动是人本质实现的方式,马克思对资本主义的批判不是针对经济,而是针对人性异化,其所要做的就是实现将人从异化中解放出来。第四部分,主要对弗洛姆的思想进行评析。弗洛姆认识到了人在历史中的地位,社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,并结合精神分析学去分析社会中人的问题,丰富和发展了马克思人的思想;但他忽视了历史唯物主义的基本矛盾,没有看到人的本性和人的本质的区别,片面的夸大了异化的适用范围,脱离了社会现实;弗洛姆的思想为我们解决生活中的过度消费、人心空虚等问题提供了新的视野。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yibing}, title = {Another Marx: A Complete Humanist Explanation-key to the Reading of Fromm's Marx's Concept Concerning the Man [另一个马克思:一种人本主义化的诠释——弗罗姆《马克思关于人的概念》解读]}, series = {Studies on Marxism [马克思主义研究], No. 5 (2003), pp. 82-88, 90.}, journal = {Studies on Marxism [马克思主义研究], No. 5 (2003), pp. 82-88, 90.}, abstract = {马克思关于人的概念》系弗罗姆早期的最重要的西方马克思主义文本。此书中 ,弗罗姆第一次明确提出马克思主义哲学的本质为人本主义的观点。为了确立这一论点 ,弗罗姆分别指认了马克思主义作为 2 0世纪西方人本主义复兴的社会背景 ,反驳了西方马克思学所制造的>两个马克思<的对立说 ,公开主张只有一个马克思 ,这就是始终作为人本主义哲学家的马克思。本文作者否定了弗罗姆的这一诠释的合法性。}, language = {zh} }