@article{Ziege, author = {Ziege, Eva-Maria}, title = {Die politische Theorie des jungen Erich Fromm. {\"U}ber seine soziologische Dissertation}, series = {Faber, Richard, and Ziege, Eva-Maria (Eds.), Das Feld der Frankfurter Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften vor 1945, W{\"u}rzburg (K{\"o}nigshausen und Neumann) 2007, pp. 177-182.}, journal = {Faber, Richard, and Ziege, Eva-Maria (Eds.), Das Feld der Frankfurter Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften vor 1945, W{\"u}rzburg (K{\"o}nigshausen und Neumann) 2007, pp. 177-182.}, language = {de} } @misc{Zhu, author = {Zhu, Xia}, title = {On Humanistic Thoughts of Teachers and Its Inspiration to Chinese Teacher Education, Master thesis [论人本主义教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示], Principles of Pedagogy, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2007.}, abstract = {Humanistic Co-educational thought has been the academic hot topic in our country these years, and especially has attracted widespread attention in the educational theories. Especially, its discussion on the teachers plays an important inspiration in the development and reformation of teacher education of our country. Based on lots of reference materials and documents, this research is carried out by the methods of theoretical studies, comparisons and educational investigation, systematically clarifying the humanistic notions of teacher and the inspiration on teacher education. The dissertation is composed of three parts. The first part analyzes the theoretical background of the research, then put forward the issue that the dissertation is to deal with.- The second part probes into the basic connotation and theory origin and analyzes the revelational significance. In this part, the author chooses three representative humanistic psychologists Carl R. Rogers, A. H Maslow, E. Fromm to introduce their teacher idea, pointing out that the teacher who is considered by humanists is a self-actualization, creative and personality person, who should be sincere to their students and trusting them. A teacher should be a facilitator who is able to lay down a cooperation-system with students; meanwhile the thesis discusses about the main methods of training teachers.- The third chapter emphasizes the inspiration Humanistic educational thought brings to our national development of teacher education. For example, the aim of teacher education should be more humanistic, and more attention should be paid to future teachers, etc. In a word, this thesis intends to attract more attention to make our teacher education more humanistic. [Author's translation]}, language = {zh} } @article{ZhengWang, author = {Zheng, Yawei and Wang, Tong}, title = {On Fromm's Personality Theory and Modern Personality Culture [论弗洛姆的人格理论与现代人的人格培养]}, series = {Career Horizon [职业时空], No. 2 (2007), pp. 30-31.}, journal = {Career Horizon [职业时空], No. 2 (2007), pp. 30-31.}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆是德国法兰克福学派重要成员。他既是马克思的信徒,同时又是弗洛伊德的学生,这样的双重身分使他的研究领域明显区别于法兰克福学派的其他成员。他大大发展了弗洛伊德的思想,创建了独具特色的>人本主义精神分析<。}, language = {zh} } @book{Zhao, author = {Zhao, Zongjin}, title = {Y{\`i}sh{\`u} de b{\`e}ih{\`o}u: F{\´u} lu{\`o} mǔ l{\`u}n y{\`i}sh{\`u} 艺术的背后:弗洛姆论艺术 [Behind Arts: Erich Fromm on Art], Changchun: Jilin meishu chuban she 吉林美术出版社 [Jilin Fine Arts Publishing House], 119 pages.[Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Youkui}, title = {Refusing to >Abstract Matter<: Theoretical Approach of Western Marxism}, series = {Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), No. 2 (2007), pp. 28-32.}, journal = {Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), No. 2 (2007), pp. 28-32.}, abstract = {Some successors of Marxists once insist that the >substanceabstract matter< of old materialism. Western Marxists who are the affirmative or negative of >substance< commonly demand re-understanding Marx's texts because they think that the judgment doesn't embody the real Marxist philosophical revolution. With the refusing to >abstract matter<, Luk{\´a}cs, Fromm, Schmidt and Gramsci etc.do their most to emphasize ontological significance of historical practice and the nullity of two-pattern of materialism and idealism to understanding Marxist philosophy. Though Western Marxism excessively emphasis on practice, their theoretical approach has important theoretical significance to the research of contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023]}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yangbo}, title = {Freedom: Heavy Yoke - Read Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由:沉重的枷锁——读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》]}, series = {Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102.}, journal = {Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102.}, abstract = {自由是人类社会不断追求的理想,匈牙利革命诗人裴多斐就曾给自由给予了极高评价:>生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,两者皆可抛。<诗句成为激励每一代社会}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Xiaowei}, title = {A Research on Fromm's Theory of Solitariness, Marxist Philosophy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2004, 41 pp.[Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Solitariness, if taken literally, means >one by himself, loneliness< and belongs to one of psychological senses from personal consciousness. While Fromm, having experienced a lonely childhood and about 50-year psychiatry, thought that it is a philosophical problem which the whole human must confront objectively. And then Fromm founded his theory of solitariness in a three-step deduction.- Firstly, solitariness is a theory of social character. Fromm's social character means the mass's common character parts at the same time and in the same place. Fromm thought that Fascism was caused by the escape of freedom, which was caused by solitariness when it went extremely, solitariness was so hard for men to endure that they began to escape from freedom and became solitary which led to the fascism, In Germany the after-war treaties' signing, proletarian revolution's defeat, the inflation and the economic depression sped up the growth of solitariness as a problem of social character.- Secondly, solitariness is a theory of social unconsciousness. As social character is dominant and controlled by its recessive counterpart which Fromm called social unconsciousness. It means the commonly pressed fields owned by a society's most members. During the Middle Age, the people obeyed the secure morals, strict teachings and grew an off-world attitude so that nothing happened. In the Rebirth period economic development brought the modern men and made them freer, but at the same time, destroyed the traditional social structure. And then solitariness appeared as a problem of social unconsciousness until the Religion Reform times, it had been temporarily solved because of Martin Luther and Calvin's new teachings.- Thirdly, Solitariness is a theory of human spirit. After all, solitariness is a problem of human spirit. Because once man came to birth, they left Nature and the animals' kingdom and became much lonely in the pre-historic period. However, it was not felt by man without self-consciousness. During the Ancient Civilization Times, the primitive social structures were destroyed and the problem appeared. Entering the Axle Age, human spiritual structure, which was used to deal with the solitariness, were founded in both eastern and western societies at the same time.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Ling}, title = {The Symbolical Meaning of Technology and Its Effect on Social Psychology [技术的符号意义及对社会心理的影响], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2007, 51 pp.}, abstract = {At the beginning of technology, it was taken seriously by people because of its tremendous material benefits. But people have seemingly ignored the correlation between technology and social psychology when they take material benefits seriously. Technology is created by people' rationality, so it is normally imprinted by human psychology. It is seemingly insignificant to pay more attention to this one-way correlation. But at present, this one-way correlation has gone and never comes back. Social psychology need still leads the direction of technical development, but at the same time, technology has affected the development of social psychology. According to this, the main body of this article tries to look upon the technology as a one kind of peculiar symbol and study its effect on social psychology by using >Symbolic Interactionism<. Through the analysis on a lot of technical examples, we realize that with changing the way of communication, technology has affected social psychology on two aspects: active and negative one. Technology has satisfied the feelings of freedom, agreement and vent and its application has benefits on maintaining social mentality and defending the harmonious development of entire human society. But at the same time, technology also upsets the human being's socialization course, breaks up human groups, makes social psychology tend to become more and more distant and attacks the moral concepts existed in social psychology. We cannot deny the active effect of technology on social psychology, but we also cannot ignore its negative effect. On further analysis, we realize that this negative effect should be attributed to the alienation of social psychology. The alienation makes people lose their self-determination of psychology. Social psychology has controlled by technology, becomes a slave of technology and manifests a kind of trend of technologization. That is one of the important manifestation of modernity crisis. Under the push of >Gestell<, human society is also more and more like a >technology field< and a difficult position of the modern rational person has been formed from this. Then can we not rotate this trend?- The main body of this article tries to find a way to avoid alienation and makes technology go well with social psychology by using >Humanization of Technological Society< of Fromm. We can think that it is a feasible way to pay more attention to people themselves, push the prefect of social psychology and the reasonable application of technology and lead the development of technology rationally by technology morality and humanity spirit.}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Hongyan}, title = {Humanism of Marx - Fromm's Concept of >Marx< Interpretation [人本主义的马克思——弗洛姆的《马克思关于人的概念》解读]}, series = {Yunnan Finance \& Economics University (Social Sciences) Journal of Economics \& Management [云南财经大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2007), pp. 9-10.}, journal = {Yunnan Finance \& Economics University (Social Sciences) Journal of Economics \& Management [云南财经大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2007), pp. 9-10.}, abstract = {埃里希.弗洛姆是西方马克思主义著名人学家。《马克思关于人 的概念》系弗洛姆早期最重要的西方马克思主义著作,也是20世纪将马克思哲学重新人本主义化的重要文献。此书中,弗洛姆第一次明确提出马克思主义哲学的本 质为人本主义的观点,讨论了他重新解释马克思历史唯物主义的基本观点,在这里,他反对将历史唯物主义诠释为经济决定论,而突出强调马克思主义的人学特 征。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Hao}, title = {An Analysis of the Philosophy of >Them< in View of Freedom [《他们》的自由观之哲学解析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Joyce Carol Oates is a well-known American woman writer famous for her prolificacy and her wide coverage of genres in literary creation. The larger proportions of Oates' works present the readers the earthly existence and the spiritual crisis of the contemporary Americans. Of many of her excellent novels, >Them< is the most typical and representative. In >Them<, the vicissitude of the American society between 1930s and 1960s is fictionalized and showed through the experiences of the Wendalls during these 30 years, including the mother Loretta, the daughter Maureen, the son Jules and his lover Nadine. The novel records the spiritual bewilderment and identity confirmation of the contemporary American people, especially those from the lower strata of the society through the ups and downs of the Wendalls.- Freedom can be classified into two types: passive freedom and active freedom. The different understandings of >freedom< held by the different characters in them as well as their distinct ways of pursuing >freedom< constitute the striking feature of this novel, which adds a great deal to the thematic depth. Loretta's resigning herself to fate, Maureen's attaching herself to >authority< and Nadine's searching freedom through death can be classified into >negative freedom<. And Jules' shouldering responsibility while pursuing freedom can be regarded as >positive freedom<. Freedom has always been a popular theme since Plato and Aristotle. Philosophers in history hold their own opinions toward >freedom<, such as Paul Sartre's theory of >freedom and responsibility<, Martin Heidegger's >freedom and death< and Erich Fromm's >freedom and escape<. All of them are endowed with great importance in the history of western philosophy. Also the theories mentioned above are instructive in understanding the different ways of pursuing freedom adopted by different characters in the novel >Them<.- Through the different understandings of freedom held by the characters, the essence of freedom is disclosed: only the freedom which teaches people to face the objective world courageously and to shoulder the responsibility toward other people when searching one's own ideal freedom, is the true, positive and correct understanding of freedom.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Fengmei}, title = {Reich's Freudian Marxist Thought and Its Implications [赖希的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想及其影响], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007.}, abstract = {|| This paper, through the combing and analysis of Reich's Freudian Marxist thought, clarifies the theoretical interest of Reich's thought, and discusses his seminal contribution and his important influence on other Freudian Marxist thinkers. Firstly, the theoretical interest of Reich's thought is to realize the dialogue and integration between Freudianism and Marxism on the basis of consistency and complementarity, and to take the dialogue and integration of categories, theories and methods as a means. Secondly, he fused the problem of sexuality with socio-economic, political and revolutionary issues, thus creating the theory of personality structure analysis and the theory of >sexual revolution< based on the theory of sexual instincts, and >supplementing< the ideological theory of Marxism. He discussed the psychological basis of the emergence of fascism, criticized the revolutionary strategy of Soviet socialism, and so on. Thirdly, Reich's seminal contribution to Freudian Marxism had a significant impact on other Freudian Marxist thinkers, especially Marcuse, Fromm, Habermas and others. Of course, Reich's theories are still utopian and paranoid in some respects, and there are also some misinterpretations and misinterpretations of Marxism, but some of Reich's ideas and theories still shine with brilliance and light, and are still valuable and worthy of reference for us today. [Automatic translation]}, language = {zh} } @article{Young, author = {Young, Barbara}, title = {The Efficacy of Psychoanalysis and the Analytic Therapies: Reflections of a Psychoanalyst and her Former Patients}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 313-334.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 313-334.}, language = {en} } @misc{Yin, author = {Yin, Jie}, title = {The United States in the Relationship - Cao Yu's >Thunderstorm< New Solution [美在关系 - 曹禺《雷雨》新解], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {After the text has been the read in detail, instructed by the concept of >overall view< of the structuralism and the literary thought of Diderot's >aesthetic because of relationship<, this dissertation sets Zhou Puyuan in various real relationships such as the relationship between him and his family members, Shi Ping, the blank image - >a madam from a wealthy and influential family<, his employees, etc. and, thus, it has been discovered that he is a typical image of the morbid character of >sadism-masochism<, leaning towards the character of a sadism, being analyzed under the psychoanalysis esthetics by Erich Fromm, who belonged to the Frankfurt School. Having completely observed the possible factors forming Zhou Puyuan's morbid character has promulgated the mass production of Chinese people having the morbid characteristic of >sadism-masochism< and the cultural causes.- This creative explanation has enriched the representative significance of Zhou Pu-yuan's typical image. In the eye of the relationship between a part and its whole body, it has also been found that the >Thunderstorm< imagery, the appearance of >Holy Bible< at the end of the Epilogue and the dramatic roles' repeating >Tian< and >Tian yi< are organically combined to express the meaning of the whole frame of >Thunderstorm< - the relationship between human beings and the universe in an artistic technique. Through synthesizing the text, the author's view on writing and the history of literary criticisms, it can be concluded that people's destinies are mainly determined by the overall effects of several factors: hereditary gene, people's subjective initiative, home environment and social environment, the mysterious power from the Supreme Human Beings in the universe, which is all expressed in >Thunderstorm<. Eugene O 'Neill, evaluated by Zhu Donglin, obtained various Degree, etc. of achievements as a naturalist, a realist, a symbolist, an expressionist, a psychoanalyst, a mystic or even a poet, so did Cao Yu except as a psychoanalyst and a mystic. Having been studied in this dissertation, Cao Yu could also be considered as a psychoanalyst, a mystic as well during his writing >Thunderstorm<, and a prophet as well as a dialectical materialist.}, language = {zh} } @article{YangLiuJiang, author = {Yang, Yuanyuan and Liu, Houtian and Jiang, Ping}, title = {On Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< Concept [试论弗洛姆的>逃避自由<观]}, series = {Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [ 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ], No. S1 (2007), pp. 126-127.}, journal = {Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [ 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ], No. S1 (2007), pp. 126-127.}, abstract = {弗洛姆是西方马克思主义的重要代表人物,他把自由的获得与自由的丧失视为共生的两极,人类越是获得自由,同时也就意味着越是丧失自由。现代人陷人了普遍的生存困惑中,从而选择了>逃避自由<。}, language = {zh} } @article{Yang, author = {Yang, Yang}, title = {Freud: In Search of Human Nature [弗洛伊德:探寻人性]}, series = {Comprehensive Reading for Students, No. 12 (2007), pp. 56-57.}, journal = {Comprehensive Reading for Students, No. 12 (2007), pp. 56-57.}, abstract = {心理学家弗洛姆曾经说:>先知 … 他是一位揭示那已被预先决定了的未来的预言者吗?他是一个坏消息而不是好消息或愉快消息的传播者吗?<在他的心里,他的老师、精神分析的鼻祖弗洛伊德就是这样一位先知。}, language = {zh} } @article{Yang, author = {Yang, Lin}, title = {What is Love? - Comments on Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [爱是什么——述评弗洛姆《爱的艺术》]}, series = {Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Social Science) [重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 83-87.}, journal = {Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Social Science) [重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 83-87.}, abstract = {Fromm holds that love is the answer to the question of the existence of human beings; the essence of love is >giving<; love includes forms of universal love, maternal love, sexual love, self-respect, loving of God, etc, but all love forms include the basic factors of concern, responsibility, respect, understanding, etc. The contemporary western social structure and western culture cause the alienation of western society and the decline and fall of love. Fromm's theory of love emphasizes on the problem of love from the angle of psychology, having his reasonable factors and progressing significance.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Yang, author = {Yang, Cunhua}, title = {An Analysis of Fromm's Concept of Freedom [弗洛姆的自由观探析], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2007.}, abstract = {Freedom is the theme that people have been trying to search after and the object that people have been trying to obtain in old times. However, people have different opinions of freedom. People mainly think that human can obtain the freedom as soon as the external chains vanish, but Erich Fromm had different ideas. He thought there were dual freedom in the world and found a way to the freedom. His thought has important theoretical and realistic meanings. This thesis is mainly composed of four parts as following.- First part aims at introducing social background and ideological origins which Erich Fromm's freedom ideology produced, and his special experience that affected his freedom ideology. The days that Fromm lived in was former 80 years of last century, in which various social contradictions were sharp .Two times world war, economic crisis and nuclear weapon brought people huge disaster and became large social laboratory including his special experience. All these things formed realistic basis of his freedom ideology. Freud's psychoanalysis theory, Marx's historical materialism theory and alienation theory, Zen Buddhism thought exerted great influence to forming Fromm's freedom ideology.- Fromm's freedom ideology is discussed in detail in second part. Firstly, the meaning of Fromm's freedom is simply explained. His freedom has dual meanings: one is active freedom and the other is passive freedom. Active Freedom is a feeling that people want to do and volunteer to do something, passive freedom is a feeling that people get rid of external chains. Logically active freedom includes passive freedom but passive freedom doesn't include active freedom. Next, the essay carefully analyzes the relation of freedom and alienation, freedom and spontaneous action, freedom and democracy. The passive freedom that all people attain cannot make the soul peace either can get the active freedom. Only the sound people who do things spontaneously can get active freedom.- The aim of third part is mainly to feel and think freedom. Firstly, according to of the turn of the development of society analysis the attitude and situation, that people chase the freedom. Especially, people in modern society has contradictive thought that people chase freedom and are afraid of attaining it. Next, according to grow of person, state the character of freedom in period of psychology. Different period of society and psychology, people have different attitude on freedom. This suggests freedom is existent essence of human. Freedom exists accompanying human existence. The human development history is also the history that people chase freedom. Freedom is different according to different individuation. All in this meaning is passive freedom. Passive freedom only can make people feel lonely and anxiety and escape from freedom. To eliminate this situation, Fromm gave serial social reform measures to build a sound society. Connection this part with second part is that sound people who live in sound society can get the active freedom and reveal humanity.- The fourth part aims at evaluating Fromm's freedom ideology properly, according to the rule that getting rid of the bad and absorbing the good. Fromm's dual freedom ideology provides people with new thread that chase freedom. Psychoanalysis of escaping from freedom deepens the understanding of modern society and our national modern construction. The relationship between freedom and spontaneous action has an important meaning. Analysis of psychology and society provides a worthy method for studying history and analysis of individual. Concrete measures on social reform that Fromm put forward have some suggestive meanings for fast developing China. Meanwhile, because of the limit of history and theory, Fromm's freedom ideology is inevitably idealistic. He could not find a real path leading to freedom. The text gives the recapitulative comment at last.}, language = {zh} } @article{Yan, author = {Yan, Fangjie}, title = {Fromm's Alienation Theory [弗洛姆关于人的异化理论评析]}, series = {Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 9 (2007), pp. 36-38.}, journal = {Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 9 (2007), pp. 36-38.}, abstract = {弗洛姆从人的本质及异化的角度阐述了对马克思主义哲学的理解。他认为,异化是人的主观体验和感受,是对生产性潜能这一人的本质的否定;社会主义是对人的异化的扬弃;当今资本主义社会中每一个人都是异化的。在对道德和资本主义现实批判的意义上,弗洛姆的异化理论具有一定程度的积极意义。然而,他对马克思关于人的本质及异化的理解是片面的,有意割裂了马克思主义的整体发展进程;由于自身的理论局限性,他关于这一问题的论述存在许多不正确的地方。}, language = {zh} } @article{Xue, author = {Xue, Rong}, title = {Fromm's Theory of Social Psychology [弗罗姆社会心理学的理论基础]}, series = {Academic Research [学术研究], No. 4 (2007), pp. 54-59.}, journal = {Academic Research [学术研究], No. 4 (2007), pp. 54-59.}, abstract = {弗罗姆的社会心理学是对马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学整合的成果。本文的分析表明,他的整合实质上是用历史唯物主义修正精神分析学,他的社会性格学说是运用马克思主义的具体体现,对当代资本主义的批判更是借鉴了马克思的异化理论。他积极地批判与干预现实,践行了马克思>重要的是改变现实<的实践哲学。弗罗姆不仅为我们提供了运用马克思思想的典范,也对我们认识马克思主义的价值,发展马克思主义有重要的意义。}, language = {zh} } @article{Xue, author = {Xue, Rong}, title = {Fromm's Social-psychological Critique [弗罗姆的社会心理学批判]}, series = {Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (2007), pp. 61-68.}, journal = {Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (2007), pp. 61-68.}, abstract = {In the light of an integration of Man's thoughts and Freudian psychoanalysis, Fromm revises Freudian individual-psychological theory and changes it into a social-psychological one based on Marx's historical materialism, by which he develops the accounts of social character and social unconsciousness that serve in his criticisms of capitalism.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Xu, author = {Xu, Yong}, title = {The Study of the Politics in Popular Culture 大众文化政治研究, Doctoral dissertation, Literature and Art, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2007 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {在经过十多年的发展后,中国的大众文化研究逐渐走向成熟,许多深层次的理论问题一一暴露出来,大众文化政治问题就是其中的一个。可以说,>政治<一直是大众文化研究或隐或显的主题之一,这个主题需要思考的是:大众文化问题是在什么意义上成为政治问题的?它的内涵是什么?应该怎样认识和评价这种内涵?在某种意义上,研究大众文化政治不仅是一个理论探讨的问题,它还是一个思想解放的问题。然而目前关于这个问题的系统的研究还比较缺乏。本文将从这种问题意识出发,分别从商品、语言和美学三个维度入手对大众文化政治进行研究,以求达到理论探讨和实践分析的双重突破。本文共分四章:第一章梳理大众文化研究的基本概念和理论范式。>大众文化<本来是一个西方语境中的概念,但在文化研究成为前沿显学的时候,中国学界常常把大众文化当成一个不言自明的概念在使用。然而任何一个社会的词语都不是纯粹中性和客观的知识,它背后都隐藏着政治利益和权力斗争。西方大众文化研究在选择用popular culture(褒义)还是mass culture(贬义)来命名大众文化的时候,更多地是出于立场与评价方面的考虑。例如阿多诺使用的是mass culture,甚至是culture industry(文化工业),洛文塔尔则是mass culture和popular culture混用,而到了当前的费斯克等人则完全舍弃mass culture而使用popular culture。这个用语的转变体现的是对大众文化认识和评价的转变,即从否定大众文化(法兰克福学派主流)到肯定大众文化(英美文化批评)的转变。大众文化这个西方概念在进入中国语境时不可避免地与民间文化、通俗文化、革命性大众文化等概念发生语义上的纠缠,为了捍卫大众文化的独立性,肯定其积极的政治潜能,一些学者有意识地把大众文化与其它相似概念区分开来,并且对大众文化进行了现代意义上的界定。接下来,本章着重梳理了大众文化研究范式转换的历史,总体来看,它表现为从注重政治经济学批判的社会分析向注重符号解读的文化研究转换的过程。不同的研究范式对应着不同的政治立场。当前大众文化研究所处的困境之一是批判的弱化和政治关怀的空洞化,学界有种观点认为这种不良状况是由社会分析的退场和符号解读的兴起导致的,由于政治经济学范式可以做到对文化和社会进行细致深入地分析,并且将这种分析建立在坚实的社会实践基础之上,因此它能够在很大程度上弥补当前文化研究的某些不足。这种观点可以说切中当前大众文化研究的弊端,但是我们认为,如果社会分析的再出场就意味着符号解读的退场,那么我们又将失陷在另一种历史话语的迷宫之中。要解决这些复杂的问题,在学科上必须实现政治经济学与文化研究的统一,在研究范式上必须实现社会分析与符号解读的统一。本章最后本着这种范式理想,以改革开放后的中国社会为个案分析了社会结构与大众文化功能之间的对应关系:如果说现代社会的中间层是整个社会的政治稳压器,那么中间层所代表的大众文化也是文化意识形态领域的稳压器,稳压器的作用就是削峰填谷,所以大众文化既反对保守,也反对盲目的激进。第二章从商品维度入手分析大众文化政治。与传统文化形式相比,大众文化具有一种赤裸裸的商品性,它力图通过大众对批量化生产的文化产品的消费与其它商品一样实现利润最大化,并且大众文化从来都不否认自己与资本的紧密联系,然而正是因为大众文化所具有的商品性这个特殊属性才使得它与传统文化形式区分开来。从这个意义上看,文化商品化是大众文化研究首先需要面对的问题。文化商品化到底是导致了艺术堕落和专制统治还是促进了文化普及和民主自由,这是学界争论的焦点。法兰克福学派正统思想认为艺术向商业屈服甚至献媚是艺术最大的堕落,这种堕落的结果就是负载着资本主义统治意识形态的大众文化的制造与流行。我们之所以要把精力首先集中在文化商品化的历史考察上,其中一个重要原因就在于法兰克福学派对文化商品化的批判深深地影响了中国知识分子对于文化商品化的认识,进而左右了中国知识分子对大众文化的判断。单纯的争论是无济于事的,这需要我们对文化商品化的历史进行深入地考察。文化发展的史实表明,文化商品化促进了文化公共性的兴起,这主要表现在以下三个方面:其一是作为文化生产者的公共知识分子的产生;其二是作为文化传播者的大众传媒的产生;其三是作为大众文化消费者的市民阶层的产生。文化公共性进一步促进了政治公共性的产生,但是通过商品化而得以暂时逃脱政治束缚的文化却又面临着落入资本圈套的危险。在消费社会语境下,如何正确认识批判精神与消费意识的关系,如何保持公共领域与私人空间的平衡在很大程度上取决于我们能否深入研究并且正确认识大众文化的符号政治经济学。第三章从语言维度入手分析大众文化政治。后现代社会的特征并不仅仅是>经济变成了文化,文化变成了经济<,从某种意义上说,它更表现为>传媒变成了文化,文化变成了传媒<。科技的每一次飞跃都会带来传媒的巨大发展,传媒的巨大发展及其对大众文化的深刻影响则又会反过来促使人们不断地修正对传媒和文化的认识,而每一次这样的修正都是以更为广泛的语言理论变革为思想背景的。法兰克福学派的弗洛姆等人从卢卡奇的总体性思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论出发,把语言定位为社会意识的过滤器,这个比喻暗示了语言的单向度特征。马尔库塞进一步揭示了单向度语言得以实现的秘密,即抽掉历史和反对抽象,他认为唯一能有效对抗单向度语言的办法就是重新引入历史维度和辩证法。单向度语言已经渗透到日常生活和大众媒介的领域,阿多诺就对广播和电视等单向度媒介进行了批判。这个历史阶段是马克•波斯特所谓的第一媒介时代,它的语言理论背景是结构主义语言学。随着语言理论从结构主义向后结构主义的转向,互文性理论对大众传媒的研究产生了深远影响,受众研究被推向了前台。以霍尔为代表的理论家们逐渐认识到文本的意义并不是编码者单向决定的,它取决于编码者与解码者之间的对话,文化和传媒是一种活动、一种过程和一种意识形态斗争的场。再后来,作为第二媒介时代之标志的互联网的发明使互文性在文化实践中真正得以实现,文本进一步发展为超文本,超文本不仅解构了逻各斯中心主义,更重要的是它赋予了大众更多的表达政治诉求的话语空间。尽管学界对于大众传媒的民主性存有争议,然而不可否认的是,随着传媒技术的日益发展,大众获得了越来越多的知情权和话语权,我们不能苛求大众传媒,因为绝对的民主和平等只是遥远的乌托邦。第四章从美学维度入手分析大众文化政治。美学在诞生之初是关于感性的学问,它自启蒙运动以来一直是哲学竭力进入生活世界的途径。审美一直被界定为普遍与特殊、理性与身体冲动在>心灵法则<之下发生潜在冲突的领域,这样美学就不得不关涉到意识形态,从这个意义上讲,现代美学在根本上就具有了政治性。身体快感作为一个与艺术美感相对的范畴,从某种意义上说就是大众文化的美学。随着身体美学的兴起,快感在大众文化时代日益成为一个政治问题。从阶级政治的角度看,在什么情况下快感会被知识分子视为>革命的统治的政治美学化<,快感被张扬甚至泛滥,那么快感就倾向于成为统治的工具。而在>艺术政治化<情况下,即在极权社会中,快感被压抑甚至被否定,那么快感则往往倾向于成为革命的工具。再从性别政治的角度看,大众文化到底是女性反抗男权的斗争场,还是男权统治女性的新领域?或者说女性对自己性别特征的充分表露到底是女性权利的张扬还是仅仅满足了男性的窥淫癖?各方观点争执不下。然而问题的关键并不在此,因为任何性别政治都必然关涉到民族国家和阶级政治,性别问题的解决不可能脱离民族国家和阶级问题的解决而单独进行。中国的大众文化研究发展到现在,面临的问题不是越来越少而是越来越多。对这些问题的研究要求我们摆脱非历史的和非语境化的研究模式,强调文化生产和知识生产的历史性和地方性,大众文化政治也只有放在具体的时间和空间维度中才能被准确地定位。从某种意义上说,对大众文化政治的分析不仅有利于把大众文化研究推向深入,还有利于打开一扇探究现代性问题的窗口。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Xu, author = {Xu, Yanhua}, title = {On the Novel Creation of Zhang Xianliang and Its Death Consciousness [论张贤亮的小说创作及其死亡意识], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007.[application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Zhang Xianliang is very active in the Chinese literary world in 1980s. As one of the contemporary era writers who first wrote about the hungry, sex, high school students' premature love and city revolution with his unique life experience he was well known by his >self narrate biography< writing style. As one of the most controversial writers in new era, his unique spiritual world which was brought up by 22 years distressful reconstruction course became the non-exhausted source of writing later. During the early days of writing, the writer was wild about the grand narrative words. In virtual of the idea write of >emotion<, >sex< which ultimately pointed to politics embodied his utilitarian objective of >literature as tool<. The write intended to record one generation highbrows' distressful experience and the pursuit of never change until die, selfless dedication by writing individual's destiny. His works mainly express the writer's opinion of socialization which includes strong imply of speaking for society, for public, for revolution, and constantly pour out his misery brought by political movements, the political cause of lofty ideal hard to fulfill and the depress of ambition can't be put to good use. Zhang Xianliang's novels in the 1980s are the focus of research in the common world, which are famous as >Love words in prison<, >Story of old man Xing and dog<, >Spirit and flesh<, >Virescence tree<, >Half of the man is woman<. Along with the opening of revolution, traditional view of value is gradually leaning aside; the pure literature which used to monopolize the literature world is pushed out to the edge, gone forever. The exterior social environment directly results in the desalting and clearing up of the highbrow elites' consciousness. Therefore Zhang Xianliang's evening works also have some changes, his utility color of >literature as tool< has faded out. Instead he paid more attention to the inner struggle, misery and desperation. During this inner change, the writer chose to profoundly self-questioning about the historical incidents, personal experience instead of losing his own writing style during the phase of literature to merchandize, entertainment. His poem >Gale song< says: >If I don't create, don't suffer / if I'm not brave enough, not strong / if I'm not in the vulgar, knowing, bureaucratic circle / be a traitor? Am I a little like myself?< He deserves commend for holding his ground fort his creation of pure literature. Between late 1980s and early 1990s, Zhang Xianliang published novels >Adolescence<, >My puti tree<, >Good morning, friend!<, >Be used to death<, etc., in succession. But they still can't bring the comment world's recognition like former days. This is because the creation idea of the writer, material choose, taste decoration, etc, also affected by the reading taste of the current readers. This paper mainly focuses on the research of Zhang Xianliang's works in 1980s, especially his magnum opus >half of man is woman< and the research of female image in his works, and has reached a comparative high science level. Besides, the leading characters in Zhang Xianliang's works are mostly highbrows, almost all of them are >read man< who are exiled, reformed of criminals through labor, abandoned by society. He connected personal misery with national misery in order to provide personal misery with universal enlighten meaning of transcending the individual. The leading characters Zhang Yonglin, Xulingjun, Shizai, Longzhong, Wei Tiangui and Chen Baotie were both sufferers and heroes who helped theworld, pleaded for the people. The writer related his own miserable experience with national disasters, when talking about politics, >emotive play< is an inevitable par of Zhang Xianliang's works. So there were a series of female images, Mayinghua, Huangxiangjiu, Qiaoanping who served as a foil to male images. This made the forms more complete for the writer to express personal feelings and wishes, it's actually a practical approach to consider era history. As Professor Chen she says, this inevitably adds a layer of imaginary color to those highbrows' sufferer images, which embodies their effort to build highbrow legend between civilian and miaotang. Also it unfolded a kind of crush complex on their own experience of this set of highbrows. The writer particularity spread the suffering scene and psychology contrary of the highbrow, at the same time he expressed incline to hallow the misery of highbrows. The literature world spreads drastic discussion surrounding this kind of incline. Actually, this incline has already changed and even disappeared in Zhang Xianliang's evening works. The author of this paper especially regards and likes >My puti tree<, so quite large length of this paper analyzes this novel quite thoroughly. In fact, most readers neglect an important and pressing angle of view when paying too much attention to the >reform of criminals through labor complex that is too strong to resolve<: consciousness of death. Through some presentative things, we find a lot of descriptions about death in Zhang Xianliang's novels. The purpose of me choosing death complex as the cut-in point of unscrambling Zhang Xianliang's works is to differentiate the analysis of high brows images, female images, text rational color of previous comment papers, here through thoroughly reading the text, we can experience the subjective and unique feeling brought by that special age, and comprehend Zhang Xianliang's text creation again through the consciousness of death point of view. The discussion of this paper is made up of three parts.- 1. The beginning of consciousness of death. In this part, the author tries to search the death memory in the political incidents experienced by the writer, finds out the fundamental reason of consciousness of death in Zhang Xianliang's works. At the same time the author combines the writer's description of death, describes how the writer exhibit this kind of consciousness of death to the readers.- 2. Life experience and change of >consciousness of death<. The second part divides his works into three phases according to the differences of death expression in Zhang Xianliang's works, namely former escape, medium-term struggle and terminal deeply self-questioning. Through reading the text thoroughly, the author analyzes the transition of Zhang Xianliang's death idea in detail, and tries to find out the internal reason that causes this transition.- 3. Philosophy view of Zhang Xianliang's death idea. According to the philosophy thinking of death of Freud, Fromm, etc, the author further perceives the complex of tyrannizing and suffering, the death trend of returning to goddess, returning to mother's belly which are covered by the death narrate in Zhang Xianliang's works from a rational point of view. Looking at all of Zhang Xianliang's works on the contrary, the author sets him a new position in the history of literature from literature theme, lingual style, character image. This kind of cut-in point of research provides a newer point of view for researching Zhang Xianliang which also provides multi ways for researching, deep thinking for science, coexistence of various opinions, and will doubtless make science judgments more objective, justly, drive the development to free search of Zhang Xianliang.}, language = {zh} } @article{Xu, author = {Xu, Wenyue}, title = {The Needs of Human Nature - Referring to Erich Fromm's >Marx Concept< [人之本性的诉求——读弗洛姆的《马克思关于人的概念》}, series = {Journal of the Party School of CPC Zhengzhou Municipal Committee [中共郑州市委党校学报], No. 1 (2007), pp. 9-11.}, journal = {Journal of the Party School of CPC Zhengzhou Municipal Committee [中共郑州市委党校学报], No. 1 (2007), pp. 9-11.}, abstract = {对人的本性的诉求是贯穿在弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》这部著作中的主线,也是其人本主义马克思观的理论之基。弗洛姆以此出发阐释了其对马克思的人的概念、人的本质、异化理论及共产主义等问题的理解,虽多有偏颇,但对我们从另一个角度更全面地理解马克思也颇有启示和意义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wu, author = {Wu, Xia}, title = {Lack of Motherly Love and Female Creation - Duras and Eileen Chang Comparative Study [缺失性母爱与女性创作 - 杜拉斯和张爱玲的比较性研究], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2007 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Chinese writer Zhang Ailing [Eileen Chang] and French writer Duras' life occupies the identical time and they all were outstanding in extremely have the individuality female writer at that time. Moreover their work presents the similar main idea. This article discusses their work's similarity from two aspects. First, they all not carries on to the traditional mother image, portrayed a series of crazy, selfish mother image >the wicked mother<. Second, their writing love always with the main key which despairs relates in together, or is the abstract passion washes out the love, or is realistic strangles the love. In brief, seeks the love is despairs.- In first chapter and the second chapter by the work separately the love subject analysis which and despairs after the mother image, and in the third chapter, creates the viewpoint from the writer which discusses to explain why they can display these two similar subjects. By Tong Qing Bing's >Flaw Experience<, Cious's >The Source of Female Writer's< and Fromm's >The Art of Loving< to discuss artistic which Zhang Ailing and the Duras's wound childhood experience especially the maternal love flaw enables them to become the writer and the influence which creates to their disposition and the work color. Zhang Ailing and Duras also all is the time feeling greatly strengthened writer, their work has displayed the survival condition which the modern people in differently despairs, thus enable their work to have the world literature subject research the significance.}, language = {zh} } @article{Wilde, author = {Wilde, Lawrence}, title = {The Ethical Challenge of Touraine's >Living Together<}, series = {Journal of Global Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2007), pp. 39-53. [Online ISSN 1744-9634] [doi.org/10.1080/17449620600991564]}, journal = {Journal of Global Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2007), pp. 39-53. [Online ISSN 1744-9634] [doi.org/10.1080/17449620600991564]}, abstract = {In >Can We Live Together?< Alain Touraine combines a consummate analysis of crucial social tensions in contemporary societies with a strong normative appeal for a new emancipatory >Subject< capable of overcoming the twin threats of atomisation or authoritarianism. He calls for a move from >politics to ethics< and then from ethics back to politics to enable the new Subject to make a reality out of the goals of democracy and solidarity. However, he has little to say about the nature of such an ethics. This article argues that this lacuna could usefully be filled by adopting a form of radical humanism found in the work of Erich Fromm. It defies convention in the social sciences by operating from an explicit view of the >is< and the >ought< of common human nature, specifying reason, love and productive work as the qualities to be realised if we are to move closer to human solidarity. Although there remain significant philosophical and political differences between the two positions, particularly on the role to be played by >the nation<, their juxtaposition opens new lines of inquiry in the field of cosmopolitan ethics.}, language = {en} } @book{Whittington, author = {Whittington, Dean}, title = {Beaten Into Violence. Anger, Masculinities, Alcohol, Narcotics. Bloomington, IN (AuthorHouse) 2007.}, language = {en} } @misc{Whitehead, author = {Whitehead, Clay C.}, title = {Review Jerome A. Winer (Ed.): The Annual of Psychoanalysis, Rethinking Psychoanalysis and the Homosexualities}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 340-344.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 340-344.}, language = {en} } @misc{Wharton, author = {Wharton, Ralph N.}, title = {Review Jerome Kagan: An Argument for Mind}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 691-}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 691-}, language = {en} } @article{West, author = {West, Sharon}, title = {Female Command Presence: Different Problems, Different Powers}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 085-096.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 085-096.}, language = {en} } @article{Weinstein, author = {Weinstein, Robert S.}, title = {What Heals in Psychoanalysis?}, series = {Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 27, No. 3 (2007), pp. 302-309. [Online ISSN 1940-9133] [doi.org/10.1080/07351690701389494]}, journal = {Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 27, No. 3 (2007), pp. 302-309. [Online ISSN 1940-9133] [doi.org/10.1080/07351690701389494]}, abstract = {This article explores the essential role of love and understanding in analysis. Love is seen as a healing force keeping the patient connected to life and to health, and as the glue that cements the analytic process. The four components of love which describes - care, respect, responsibility, and knowledge - are the heart of all successful analysis. Two case studies illustrate how the positive countertransference may be used therapeutically to help patients move towards healthy self-esteem and self-care, and a more benevolent and loving relatedness.}, language = {en} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Yuqi}, title = {From Love to the Productive Love. Fromm's Love Thought [从爱到>创造性的爱< - 弗罗姆爱的思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007.}, abstract = {The love is extremely important in our life, it is the most basic emotion, and it is also the strength of maintains human, national, the family and society. It is not one kind of pleasant sensation, also is not the opportunity question, but is the love that needs the knowledge, diligent, and study. Fromm likes taking in person's life one kind of positive initiative strength, he thought only this kind of strength to be able to break through him the wall which isolates with the compatriot. He stressed, here said the love is >the productive love<. The so-called productive love, is refers to this kind of love is a person's potential fully obtains the development the result. This kind of love has to the life concern and the respect emotion experience. It is productive, is one kind of supreme art. Chapter 1, Loves outline. Formerly discussed when loved, the people often focus to the person and the nature, will like merely considering as will be person's one kind of natural disposition, Instinct. Fromm thought the love is to the human survival question reply. He in >the art of loving< center mentioned, any about the theory which loves, must take person's theory, human's survival theory as the beginning. He is precisely embarks from him about the human nature theory, elaborated >the love< has great significance, the person forever faces is overcoming sparsely leaves the feeling, how realizes and the other people fuses, how surmounted the individual life, how found identically. Solves these questions methods to have very many, but most ideal most perfect solution, lies in the love. Fromm criticized has inherited Freud's theory, also was following the essence which Marx's person this thought exploration loved. He believed that, can cause the person truly to overcome the separation, only has the productive activity. He thought: >All forms productive work workers all can merge into one organic whole with his object, the person unifies in the production process oneself with the world.< Thus realizes, human's essential strength object which Marx said. Fromm will like dividing into two kinds of forms, one kind will be not the mature form, namely paragenesis union. Another kind is and the paragenesis form opposite >the mature love<. He thought the mature love is maintains under own dignity and the individuality condition union. The love is person's one kind of initiative ability, is one kind of break through causes these barriers ability which the person and the person separates, one kind him with other people relation ability. While makes one overcome lonely and separation, likes acknowledging the person own value, maintains own dignity. Fromm further analyzes the essence which loves, thought loves the achievement one kind of initiative ability, its activity should be positive >gives< but should not be negative >accepts<. Chapter 2, Loves transformation. The people are extremely long for to the love, but modern people's love is not the true love. Therefore, in the modern society person's love had all sorts of problems, the main performance for the modern people to three kinds of misunderstandings which loves. The modern people majority the question which loves regards as mainly is the question which loves; Likes regarding as is about the object question; Also often >falls into< loves when the river at first experience and exists in the love the lasting condition confuses. Fromm pointed out that, in the modern society also has two kind of false loves. One kind is: Loves is >the nature satisfies< the idea, it is popular after the First World War in the age; another kind is: The love is >the cooperation group< the spirit, it will be the 20th century 50's later fashionably gets up. At the same time, we also may see some different types in the modern society the morbid state love. The love is the Oedipus complex shift; the love is loves the father complex the shift; idolatry love; sad love; Take projects the mechanism as the foundation love. This all sorts of undeserved kindness, the false love, the metamorphosis love causes the productive love to change urgent and is feasible. Chapter 3, >the productive love< basic connotation. Fromm has made the analysis critique to modern people's disposition tendency, he proposed normal, is mature, the health disposition tendency, namely productive disposition tendency. The productivity is one kind of basic life manner, is the person in all domains to the object response way, including to other people, to oneself, to thing psychological response way. It cares about the person unique on potential the realization. The productivity is the person utilizes his strength ability, is the realization intrinsic to his on potential ability. According to Fromm's theory, the true health person is a person which has the productive disposition, deeply loves the life, deeply loves the other people and own and maintains the self-independent person, is person which decides its life style by the life existence. The psychologically healthy person can go loves and creates, can get rid to the family and the natural incest dependence, has the self-identical feeling, can experience own for the main body and own strength inventor, can get rid to the family and the natural incest dependence, has the self-identical feeling, can experience own for the main body and own strength inventor, can grasp oneself intrinsic and the external reality, also is can objectively regard the world and oneself. The love is one kind of initiative thinking activity. Its initiative characteristic manifests is, loves mainly is gives, but is not accepts. A person can give the most precious thing is his life vigor, his happiness and sorrow, he, his understanding, knowledge, wisdom and sense of humor. He has promoted own life feeling, also has promoted another person's life feeling. Besides gives this fundamental factor, the productive thought also includes some fundamental factors, is the care, the responsibility, the respect and the understanding. Chapter 4, how to cultivates >the productive love<. Loves the main body is a person, must cultivate the person which has the creative love, must first start from the main body. Should unify the cultivation productive love with the cultivation productive disposition; Must fully transfer person's initiative, positively moves the ability in the person which strengthens loves; Guides the people correctly to process the spouse with to like oneself s relations, with likes in oneself unification in the spouse, achieves the perfect productive love. Fromm believed that, the productive love cultivation and the implementation need to have the certain moral standard to perform to instruct. These moral standards will indicate to the people, how artificial has realized own basic human nature to be supposed to cultivate the love. But cultivates likes having to carry on the radical transformation to the present social system. He thought the western society the structure is disadvantageous to the productive love development. Fromm also pointed out that, the productive love only can depend on oneself practices by oneself, experiences. Because the love is one kind of individual experience, each person only can obtains this kind of experience through oneself and for oneself. Grasps art which loves, carries on practice which loves, except exercises outside the condition which the discipline, the centralism, the patience, the interest and so on all art all must have, but also needs some essential special conditions: First wants >to overcome from loves<, it secondary has >objective and the reason<, again secondary has the belief, finally also must have the positive activity. Chapter 5, commentary on the thought of Fromm. About the productive love principle, about the theory which loves, is in a Fromm entire theory unimportance constituent. In some kind of significance, Fromm about the theory which loves is its overall theory concentration. His critique thought is enlightens the benighted, makes people awaken to the truth. But we have no alternative but soberly to see, his theory also has many insufficiencies. Even if Fromm when studies person's consciousness, the social disposition, then regards as important cultural society's factor, but he still regarded as the psychological power the final cause which the society developed, thus was contradictory the solution society, the treatment capitalist society illness key, turned over to it was a love, turned over to it is the spirit, these are completely wrong. Fromm calls self persisted the materialism may also say the main body and the object are inseparable; Criticizes Freud but not to give up he Freud principle the basic standpoint; Attempts to close up the Marxism actually to have bases on the humanitarianism; At the same time the advocation scientific rationality retains the religious mysticism; The hope works loose the capitalism shackles to be possible not to be willing to destroy its politics economic structure; The pursue socialism actually tries hard to cause it to back up from the science to the fantasy. Regardless of were Freud, or Fromm all once spent many painstaking care in to seek consciousness to have >the way and the method<, seeks hid in >the surface<, >falsely< behind power spiritual motive, sought has >was unconscious< in the individual disposition will, >is dependent< fortuitousness. These beneficial explorations, especially Fromm surmounted Freud's many original opinion. [Author's translation]}, language = {zh} } @article{Wang, author = {Wang, Yuanming}, title = {Fromm's Theory of Good Nature and Its Comparison with the Theory of Mencius [弗洛姆的性善论及其与孟子性善论的比较]}, series = {Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science) [天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 20-24.}, journal = {Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science) [天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 20-24.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm put forward that human's natural character was neither the collection of unchangeable instinctive desire nor the reflection of the infinitely plasticized social culture. Human's natural character, which is also called first potentiality was good-willed, and human's intention to destroy was only the result of the frustrated development of the first potentiality. Although both Fromm and Mencius advocated that human's nature was good, there are fundamental differences between their theories. Fromm regarded self-consciousness, spontaneous love and creativity as human's nature, which resulted from his probe into human's basic mental needs. However, according to Mencius, human's nature included virtue, morality, propriety, wisdom, loyalty and filial piety, which meet the needs of the feudal administration. While Fromm thought highly of independence, creativity and affection for oneself and other people, Mencius denied all these. He only preached affection for relatives and respect for people of higher ranks. Fromm demanded that the society is obliged to meet the basic mental needs of human beings. But Mencius asked people to abide by the autocratic hierarchy.}, language = {zh} } @article{Wang, author = {Wang, Yougang}, title = {On Fromm's Humanity Thought [对弗洛姆人性思想的评析]}, series = {Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) [湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)], No. 1 (2007), pp. 135-136.}, journal = {Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) [湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)], No. 1 (2007), pp. 135-136.}, abstract = {本文从弗洛姆研究人性的方法、人性的客观现实基础、人性做出了动态性的解释等三方面来探讨了弗洛姆人性思想的合理性;从弗洛姆在人性的研究中夸大了个人的情感、意志等精神因素在人性结构中的作用、在消除人性异化的途径上具有空想性、在人性思想中存在着内在的矛盾性等三方面探讨了弗洛姆人性思想的局限性。}, language = {zh} } @article{Wang, author = {Wang, Yonghao}, title = {On Chuang Tzu's Deconstruction of Confucian Politeness from Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness [从弗洛姆的>社会无意识<理论看庄子对儒家之>礼<的解构] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Ningbo Radio \& TV University [宁波广播电视大学学报], No. 2 (2007), pp. 102-104.}, journal = {Journal of Ningbo Radio \& TV University [宁波广播电视大学学报], No. 2 (2007), pp. 102-104.}, abstract = {Examining the debate between Confucians and Taoists from Fromm's social unconsciousness theory provides a new perspective to understand the psychological reasons and cultural connotations of Chuang Tzu's attitude towards Confucian Thought. This debate reveals the different understandings of humanity and a struggle for the masterdam over social unconsciousness.}, language = {zh} } @article{Wang, author = {Wang, Xiaohong}, title = {Fromm's Personality Theory [弗洛姆的性格理论述评]}, series = {Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 12 (2007), pp. 71-75.}, journal = {Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 12 (2007), pp. 71-75.}, abstract = {人学在西方是一个有着两千余年历史的学科。它发端于苏格拉底将>认识你自己<作为哲学使命的古希腊时代,但科学的人学则形成于19世纪,在20世纪获得了蓬勃发展,而且>对人的问题的世界性兴趣正在不断增长<,人学正在成为哲学研究的一个热点。中国的人学研究起步较晚,伴随着中国的改革开放,刚刚走过二十几年的路程。在此期间,人学研究虽经历了几个阶段的讨论,取得了一些成就,但从学理角度说,尚存在许多问题。比如,讨论的问题比较分散,对为什么研究人学,人学的基本概念、究竟要研究什么问题等前提性问题并不十分清楚,研究的方法也缺乏立体感与层次性,好的主观愿望,常常带来坏的结果,即从研究具体完整的人开始,以失去真实的人而}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Lingling}, title = {The Alienation of the Characters in >Gulliver's Travels< [《格列佛游记》中人物的异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Jonathan Swift was a prominent writer in the 18th century in Britain during his lifetime, he created numerous works, including essays, collections of letters, narrative poems and novels, etc. Which have greatly influenced the succeeding writers. Gulliver's Travels is his representative Utopian work, in which Gulliver is the narrative author. With Gulliver's descriptions of his adventurous experiences on his four voyages, this novel aims at reflecting various contradictions in the capitalist society in the 18 century Britain, exposing and repudiating the corrupted political systems of the British government, criticizing the colonial policies of expanding abroad and exploitation at home, and also eulogizing laborers' revolting spirit and just fights. As to this novel, many scholars have done massive researches, and have achieved a great success. However, their researches mainly focus on the sarcastic art and writing style. This thesis tries to apply Marx's theory of labor alienation and Erich Fromm's related alienation theory from the perspective of psychology as the theoretical bases for the analysis of the alienation of the characters in this novel, especially the analysis of the protagonist's alienation from two aspects: his >economic self< and >political self<. This thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion.- The introduction presents briefly the process of choosing this topic, the main content and the structure of this thesis, and the originality of this topic.- Chapter One introduces Jonathan Swift's life experiences, the main content of this novel, and some related criticisms about the author and the novel made abroad and at home at first, then provides a general introduction to the researches of alienation made in the light of philosophy, sociology and psychology, etc., and specializes in bringing forward the theoretical basis for this thesis, so that the feasibility of this study becomes natural.- Chapter Two begins to analyze the universal and widespread alienation phenomena in this novel, in which the characters become the objects to be analyzed, especially in Books III and IV.- Chapter Three affords a more detailed description about the process of the protagonist's alienation from two aspects: one is about his alienation as an >economic being<, the other his awakening as a >political being<.- The last part is the conclusion. With a novel perspective of alienation, this thesis is an affirmation that Swift has enormous power in observing the society and shows fully his worries and speculations about the plights of human beings. Through a thorough analysis, this thesis then obtains its final conclusion: the characters in Gulliver's Travels are probably the earliest alienated images in the history of British literature, and Gulliver is probably one of the first typical alienated protagonists in the history of the British novel.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Jing}, title = {Existential Alienation and Humanism - Interpretation of Fromm's >Marx's Concept of Man<] [生存异化与人道主义人性观 - 对弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》的解读], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007.}, abstract = {Marx's >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844< (hereinafter referred to as >Manuscript<) has had a profound impact worldwide since its birth. Fromm believes that >Manuscript< is one of Marx's most important works. >Marx's Concept of Man< is based on the manuscript, and makes a unique interpretation of Marx's concepts of historical materialism, humanity and alienation. The full text is divided into four parts: The first part briefly discusses some scholars' distortion of Marx's historical materialism, and Fromm's criticism of Marx's distortion of historical materialism. The root cause of this misunderstanding is modern society. Universal alienation of survival. The second part mainly discusses Fromm's survival alienation theory. He expanded Marx's theory of alienated labor and believed that alienation is everywhere and from time to time. Human history itself is a history of continuous human development and alienation. The third part mainly expounds Fromm's humanitarian humanity view. His questioning and criticism of vulgar materialism and his theory of survival alienation are all ultimately due to the reconstruction of full humanity and humane care for humanity. He believes that the essence of Marxism is humanism, and the goal is to achieve humanitarian socialism. The fourth part evaluates Fromm's theory of survival alienation and humanitarianism, and points out its essence and its dross. [Automatic translation]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Jicheng}, title = {National Mentality and the Nazi's Rising in the Weimar Republic [魏玛共和国的国民心态与纳粹的崛起], Master thesis, World History, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2007.}, abstract = {魏玛共和国时期的国民心态的形成和变化有着深刻的历史根源和社会背景,而不同的社会阶层有着不同的心态,阶层心态是社会心态的一种分解,它影响并支配着相关群体的行为。本文从不同社会阶层的心态入手,通过其外在表现和内在根源进行深入分析,探究其心态的源流和特征,从而对法西斯主义群体进行心理分析。借用心态史学和心理史学以及社会学的相关理论和方法,透析当时社会各阶层的心态与纳粹上台存在的内在联系,以及反法西斯势力因何失败,希特勒如何利用魏玛时期的国民心态进行蛊惑宣传并通过选举>合法<地登上政治舞台也是本文的研究内容。作者认为通过对魏玛国民心态和纳粹上台之间关系的分析,可以对纳粹的上台有更加深刻的认识。论文分为五章,第一章首先把当时的社会主要阶层分为四类:社会上层、社会中层、社会下层和特殊阶层,然后根据当时的社会背景和各个阶层在社会结构中扮演的角色来分析其不同的心态。第二章主要分析的是德国魏玛时代国民心态形成的原因,无论历史的渊源,还是现实的困境因素都潜移默化地影响着当时德国的国民心态。第三章总结了魏玛共和国时期国民心态的共同特征,指出了国民心态的畸形发展。第四章进行了法西斯主义的群体心理分析,介绍了赖希、弗洛姆、阿多尔诺、洛温伯格、阿谢尔等人的理论,透析法西斯主义产生的群众心理根源。最后一章讨论魏玛共和国国民心态和纳粹的互动和排斥,以及希特勒是如何利用当时社会阶层的心态运用心理战手法进行欺骗性的宣传,以最大程度地争取各阶层群众的;当时的国民心态中也存在反法西斯主义因素,本文试图解答,为什么这些反法西斯因素未能战胜法西斯因素,理性为何让位于非理性,为何不能阻止魏玛共和国的垮台和纳粹的上台,以及从中应该汲取哪些经验教训。}, language = {zh} } @article{WangJi, author = {Wang, Guoxue and Ji, Mingxia}, title = {On Fromm's Social Character Theory and Its Educational Significance [论弗洛姆社会性格理论的教育学意义]}, series = {Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science) [天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2007), pp. 77-80.}, journal = {Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science) [天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2007), pp. 77-80.}, abstract = {Fromm's Social Character Theory is founded on the base of an understanding of both relationships between human being and material world and that among human beings. It contains two elements: the types and the traits of social character. Although Fromm's Social Character Theory is not perfect, it does have some meaning in concerning and criticizing the defects of society and shed lights on our understanding of the social function of education as well as the path of cultivation of sound personalities.}, language = {zh} } @book{Wallin, author = {Wallin, D. J.}, title = {Attachment in Psychotherapy. New York (Guilford) 2007.}, language = {en} } @article{WainGabriel, author = {Wain, Harold J. and Gabriel, Geoffrey M.}, title = {Psychodynamic Concepts Inherent in a Biopsychosocial Model of Care of Traumatic Injuries}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 555-574.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 555-574.}, language = {en} } @article{Turkel, author = {Turkel, Ann Ruth}, title = {Sugar and Spice and Puppy Dogs' Tails: The Psychodynamics of Bullying}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 243-258.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 243-258.}, language = {en} } @misc{Turco, author = {Turco, Ronald N.}, title = {Review Richard D. Chessick: The Future of Psychoanalysis}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 345-346.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 345-346.}, language = {en} } @book{Tronick, author = {Tronick, E.}, title = {The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children. New York (Norton) 2007.}, language = {en} } @article{Tian, author = {Tian, Xinyuan}, title = {An Analysis of Mental Mechanism of Fromm's Escape from Freedom [弗洛姆逃避自由的心理机制剖析]}, series = {Journal of Hunan First Normal University [湖南第一师范学报 ], No. 4 (2007), pp. 76-78.}, journal = {Journal of Hunan First Normal University [湖南第一师范学报 ], No. 4 (2007), pp. 76-78.}, abstract = {Fromm is a well-known American psychoanalyst. He discloses mental mechanism of escaping freedom of modern capitalist society and forms of its manifestation by analyzing modern people's double understan¬ding of freedom, which shows the degree of alienation of modern people's mental mechanism. Fromm also strongly seeks a way to exceed the mental mechanism of escaping from freedom. [Author's translation]}, language = {zh} } @article{Sun, author = {Sun, Wen}, title = {>Little Women< Personality Structure Analysis [《小妇人》中的人格结构分析] [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Business Culture (Second Half) [商业文化(下半月)] , No. 8 (2007), pp. 166-167.}, journal = {Business Culture (Second Half) [商业文化(下半月)] , No. 8 (2007), pp. 166-167.}, abstract = {本文运用了人本主义心理学家弗洛姆的人格机构理论来观照《小妇人》,通过仔细分析作品中主人公的人格结构,对人格完善、个性独立和自我约束等一系列有关女孩的成长问题作了一些初步的思考。}, language = {zh} } @book{Stolorow, author = {Stolorow, R. D.}, title = {Trauma and Human Existence. New York (Routledge) 2007.}, language = {en} } @article{Stein, author = {Stein, Herbert H.}, title = {Combat Veterans: Impressions of an Analytic Observer in a Non-Analytic Setting}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 575-591.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 575-591.}, language = {en} } @misc{Silvio, author = {Silvio, Joseph R.}, title = {Review Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, by PDM Task Force}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 681-685.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 681-685.}, language = {en} } @article{Silver, author = {Silver, Ann-Louise S.}, title = {Introduction to >Communicating with the Schizophrenic Superego Revisited: A New Technique<}, series = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 477-482.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 477-482.}, language = {en} }