@article{Jaffe, author = {Jaffe, Daniel S.}, title = {Psychoanalytic principles and principle deviations}, series = {The annual of psychoanalysis, Madison (International Universities Press), Vol. 16, 1988, pp. 55-79.}, journal = {The annual of psychoanalysis, Madison (International Universities Press), Vol. 16, 1988, pp. 55-79.}, abstract = {Bourgeois psychoanalysis concerns the decoding of the motives behind human behavior, the peeling away of various layers within the human psyche, and processes of depersonalization characteristic of contemporary Western society. Although S. Freud's concepts of the ego, id, and superego were to an extent innovative, they can be traced back to Aristotle, Plato, and others who proposed a schematization of the components of personality. Modifications of Freud's theories of the subconscious proposed by many subsequent psychoanalysts are discussed, with special emphasis on C. Jung's concepts of the collective subconscious and the images of personality: shadow, self, masculinity, femininity, and person. Jung's concept of authentic existence is only superficially more optimistic than Freud's world view. K. Horney and E. FROMM's concepts of self and individuality are explained and contrasted. Bourgeois psychoanalysis has consistently aimed at making personality adjustments through treating the individual while ignoring the societal causes of personality disorders.}, language = {en} }