@article{LiGao, author = {Li, Huaizheng and Gao, Meng}, title = {Fromm's Critique of the >Having-oriented< Consumption and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆对"重占有"消费的批判及其当代启示]}, series = {Journal of Mudanjiang University, No. 7 (2023), pp. 17-22.}, journal = {Journal of Mudanjiang University, No. 7 (2023), pp. 17-22.}, abstract = {In the theory of living mode, Fromm points out that bartering with money provides the preconditions for the emergence of the having-oriented consumption, building an external sense of self is the essence of the having consumption, and never being satisfied is the consequence of the having-oriented consumption. Fromm's critique of the having-oriented consumption has important enlightenment significance for China to prevent and resolve the adverse effects of consumerism in the new era. We should vigorously cultivate and practice the core socialist values, strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and guide people to establish a correct concept of consumption. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Cai, author = {Cai, Nina}, title = {From Negative Freedom to Positive Freedom - Psychological Coping Mechanisms in >Fahrenheit 451<, Master thesis, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2023. [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] Ray Bradbury's >Fahrenheit 451< depicts a world where books are burned and thoughts and freedom are oppressed. Erich Fromm's socio-psychological theory of freedom is applied to elucidate the psychological coping mechanisms adopted by characters in the novel under adverse circumstances, and explain behaviors of characters under different psychological coping mechanisms. The first chapter of the thesis focuses on reasons for characters' psychological coping mechanisms: The fictional future world in >Fahrenheit 451< reflects a side of American society in the 1950 s. Ray Bradbury provides a detailed portrayal of the society's pathological culture and values, among which consumerism, instrumental reason, and hedonism trigger and deepen negative emotions including inferiority, individual insignificance, and powerlessness. To survive, characters give up rational thinking to assimilate into unfavorable social forces, which is a manifestation of negative freedom. The second chapter analyzes characters' three escape mechanisms caused by negative freedom, namely authoritarianism, destructiveness, and automation conformity, which are the psychological reasons underlying characters' absurd behaviors and the propensity for violence and self-destruction. The third chapter explicates the fact that the key to Montag's character growth lies in his transformation from negative freedom to positive freedom. In this process, three capacities are cultivated: the capacity for active involvement and personal experience, the capacity for reason and rational faith, and the capacity for love, which enables him to realize creativity on the sensual, intellectual, and emotional level, and complete the transformation from nonproductive to productive orientation. By dissecting psychological coping mechanisms of characters in the novel, the thesis concludes that characters' behaviors reflect two psychological coping mechanisms, namely negative freedom centering around the escape mechanisms, and positive freedom centering around creativity. For individuals struggling in adverse circumstances, a productive orientation with the capacity for active involvement and personal experience, the capacity for reason and rational faith, and the capacity for love is the hope of individual growth and human civilization. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024]}, language = {zh} } @article{Eliezer, author = {Eliezer, Kopel}, title = {From green grass to green fields: Intersubjective thoughts about >generative< envy and jealousy (https://doi.org/10.1080/0803706X.2022.2135762)}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (No. 2, 2023), pp. 105-113.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (No. 2, 2023), pp. 105-113.}, abstract = {In this paper >jealousy< and >envy< are discussed from a unique perspective: as therapeutic goals rather than as maladaptive mechanisms. Furthermore, I suggest that jealousy be regarded as a performance of love. Four states are distinguished here; two of them are >primal narcissistic<, and the other two are >intersubjective<. Intersubjective envy and jealousy should be embraced as a >welcome flag< that signals a couple's entry into the oedipal layers. Mutuality and shared unconscious are described by means of >recognition< as a central concept. This article views recognition as a form of identification that allows >me parts< to be found and reclaimed from the significant >other<. In favor of historical justice and clarity, I introduce a less familiar case of Freud (1933) - Herr. P, and conclude with my own case story.}, language = {en} } @misc{Xing, author = {Xing, Leilei}, title = {From >Denial< to >Staring< - A Study on the Idea of Death and Its Historical Development in Analytical Psychotherapies, Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2023.}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] Death, as the opposite of life, constitutes the inevitable fate and even destination of life in the world. It can be imagined that since the birth of human self-awareness, the fact and phenomenon of death have generally attracted human attention and thinking, thus forming different ideas of death. A systematic analysis shows that the consciousness of death and the anxiety it causes is one of the most intrinsic and essential spiritual dynamic forces in human life, and have always been one of the fundamental themes that thinkers, including philosophers, have devoted themselves to thinking about. In a specific sense, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato defined philosophy as the practice of death. In the context of modern philosophy, Heidegger has a deeper insight that death is the most authentic possibility of existence of every individual as Dasein. As long as Dasein exists, it is actually dying, although in a sinking way, thus revealing the essence of life in the world, which is born towards death. In the knowledge background and practical life of the modern world, if there is a scientific discipline that directly focuses on the daily life of specific individuals, it is psychotherapy as an applied branch in psychology. Therefore, according to its essential meaning, psychotherapy should consider death as one of its basic themes, and the concept of death should constitute the fundamental category of psychotherapy both as thought and practice. However, within the scope of psychotherapy as a professional discipline, the theme of death has been largely ignored due to the constraints of the naturalistic path of mainstream psychology. My professional field is psychotherapy and adheres to the Humanism tradition of psychotherapy, so I pays special attention to psychoanalytic therapy and existential analytic therapy, because these two theoretical orientations are precisely based on the overall understanding of human being. Therefore, how to use these two theoretical orientations as materials to form a comprehensive understanding of psychotherapy as a human cause is the theoretical goal pursued by me for many years; and only through this holistic understanding can various naturalistic psychotherapy methods and their local effectiveness be given a reasonable basis for explanation. In the process of this pursuit, inspired by Heidegger's philosophy and his profound insight into the theme of death, the research theme of my dissertation was established and the research ideas were formed. It is logical to have a unified understanding of various existential-analytic therapies based on the concept of death, as they are either directly or indirectly based on Heidegger's philosophy. But psychoanalysis seems to lead us into an awkward situation, as its surface characteristics suggest that psychoanalysis adopts a rejecting attitude towards the theme of death. Deep analysis shows that, especially in Freud's classic psychoanalysis, the theme of death plays a more fundamental and decisive role in the deeper darkness. The spiritual structure and process he interprets with life as the theme turned out to be different strategies for dealing with death. Therefore, not only did Freud have to passively propose the concept of death instinct in his later years, but the theme of death was increasingly emphasized in various systems of new psychoanalysis, thus showing a general trend towards existentialism. Taking the concept of death as the basic theme, the general trend of transition from psychoanalytic therapy to existential analysis therapy can be summarized as from >denial< to >staring at<. The unified understanding of this theme also promotes us to reveal the essential connection between existential analytical therapy and psychoanalytic therapy in methodology, that is, although various analytical methods are skillfully used in various systems of psychotherapy, these methods are mainly developed from psychoanalytic therapy. Only by using a unified theme of death as a conceptual tool to analyze the internal connections between various psychoanalytic therapies and various existential analytical therapies can we gain a unified understanding of psychotherapy at the meta-theoretical level, and collectively refer to these two theoretical orientations as analytical psychotherapy from a methodological perspective. In a word, in the sense that Philosophy of psychology serves as the Philosophy of science basis for psychotherapy, adhering to the Humanism orientation of psychotherapy, accepting the influence and inspiration of Heidegger's philosophy, the dissertation highlights the concept of death as the basic theme of psychotherapy, and thus forms the overall understanding of psychotherapy as a human cause. For this purpose, the dissertation will proceed in accordance to the following chapter structure. Chapter 1 provides a detailed explanation of the topic selection basis in the form of an introduction, and summarizes the relevant literature background and research significance. Chapter 2, with a brief explanation of Freud's theoretical contributions and historical status, mainly introduces the theoretical background of Freud's >death instinct<, and discusses the mutual influence between Freud's view on death and his various theoretical constructions, as well as his own attitude towards life. This chapter, in particular, combines Becker's analysis of Anthropology of religion to clarify Freud's goal of life and personality motivation in pursuit of becoming a great person. It is this goal and motivation that determines the theoretical nature of the compatibility of truth and error in his psychoanalytic system, which further clarifies his view of death. From his direct >disregard< in the early stage to his ambiguous proposal of the death instinct in the later stage, it reflects his denial of death. This chapter's argument also implicitly expresses that even in this attitude of denial, we can vaguely see the embryonic ideas of existentialism and its impact on Freud's view of death. Chapter 3 mainly examines the death view of early neo psychoanalysts represented by Frank and the breakthrough trend of Freud's view. Although the influence of Freud's rejection of death is profound due to his authority, on the other hand, whether viewed from the macro level of social history or the micro level of personal life, the phenomenon and theme of death cannot be avoided by any theory. Therefore, after Freud proposed the >death instinct<, Fromm combined humanism with the basic concepts of >syndrome of decay<, and Rank combined religious existentialism with the concepts of >fear of life< and >fear of death<, respectively, to extend and develop the meaning of >death instinct<. Chapter 4 plays a transitional or bridging intermediary role in the overall structure of the dissertation. Both theoretical analysis and historical development are sufficient to prove that psychoanalysis, as a theoretical framework, is a limiting factor for the development of psychotherapy and the expansion of death themes. So, after World War II, influenced by Heidegger's philosophy, the founders of the existential analysis school, such as Binswanger and Boss, launched a transformation movement towards psychoanalysis. The essence of this movement was to inherit the methods of psychoanalysis, but abandon the spiritual structure of the unconscious and instead use it to analyze the real existence of people in the world, thus shaping the dominant direction of post-World War II psychotherapy and achieving an existential turn in the field of psychotherapy. Only in existential-analytic psychotherapies does death become one of the fundamental themes of psychotherapy. Chapter 5 focuses on the analysis of the concept of death and its theoretical construction of the famous representatives of contemporary existential analytical therapy school, including Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom, etc., who highlight and emphasize the basic importance of the theme of death for life practice and psychotherapy, either because of their personal experience of life or because of the systematization of theoretical views. As a result, a positive attitude towards facing death in the sense of analytical psychotherapy has been formed and widely advocated, which is mainly reflected in Aaron's metaphorical expression of >staring at the sun< in his view of death. This positive view of death not only guides visitors or us in overcoming death anxiety in practice, but also lays the foundation for the formation and argumentation of the overall idea of this article. Chapter 6 serves as a conclusion, summarizing the entire research work and extending its significance appropriately. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024]}, language = {zh} } @article{RodriguezBenitez, author = {Rodr{\´i}guez Ben{\´i}tez, Arian}, title = {Freudomarxismo y Teor{\´i}a Cr{\´i}tica: el psicoan{\´a}lisis ante las limitaciones del marxismo cl{\´a}sico}, series = {Azur - Revista Centroamericana de Filosof{\´i}a, Vol. 4, No. 7 (2023), pp. 51-62. [Online ISSN 2215-6089] [azurrevista.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Freudomarxismo-y-Teoria-Critica.pdf]}, journal = {Azur - Revista Centroamericana de Filosof{\´i}a, Vol. 4, No. 7 (2023), pp. 51-62. [Online ISSN 2215-6089] [azurrevista.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Freudomarxismo-y-Teoria-Critica.pdf]}, abstract = {El art{\´i}culo describe la importancia de la integraci{\´o}n entre marxismo y psicoan{\´a}lisis freudiano en los marcos del marxis¬mo occidental. Se analizan las principales obras de dicha inte¬graci{\´o}n en el pensamiento de la Escuela de Frankfurt. En es¬pecial se realiza una comparaci{\´o}n entre Miedo a la libertad de Erich Fromm y Eros y civilizaci{\´o}n de Herbert Marcuse.}, language = {es} } @article{Aarsethetal, author = {Aarseth, Helene and et al.,}, title = {Freedom, Resonance, Interaction. Critical Theory and Creative Relations Between the Psyche and the Social}, series = {Frosh, S., Vyrgioti, M., Walsh, J. (Eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Psychosocial Studies, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2023, pp. 1-20. [Online ISBN 978-3-030-61510-9] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61510-9_53-1]}, journal = {Frosh, S., Vyrgioti, M., Walsh, J. (Eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Psychosocial Studies, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2023, pp. 1-20. [Online ISBN 978-3-030-61510-9] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61510-9_53-1]}, abstract = {This chapter introduces a psychosocial strand of thinking that offers a way to conceive of creative relations between the psyche and the world. Whereas much current psychosocial theory stresses how anxieties are managed by defending the self against the world or fuel subjection to oppressive social norms, the theories we engage with here point to ways in which anxieties can be employed in the urge to bridge inner longings and external realities. These ideas took form in the early Frankfurt School, which despite their comprehensive integration of psychoanalytic and social theory until recently has been comparatively marginalized in Anglophone Psychosocial Theory.- The chapter presents and discusses three notions: Erich Fromm's Freedom, Hans Loewald's Resonance, and Alfred Lorenzer's Interaction. Even though different in emphasis and outlook, these notions contribute to a shared intellectual project, namely, to point to potentially productive and non-antagonist interactions between the psyche and society. They do so not by virtue of some resistant part of unspoiled nature residing in the body or in the mind, but by virtue of being able to point to the more or less life-enhancing and life-impeding forms this interaction of psychic energies and societal needs may take.- We argue that these theorists and their notions of freedom, resonance and interaction, contribute to further developing the materialist conception of the psychosocial in ways that appear specifically urgent today. They enable us to theorize tensions within current society, between dynamics that drive instrumentalization and reification on the one hand, and more life-enhancing and mutually enriching interactions between human beings, social structures, and natural environments on the other.}, language = {en} } @article{Ji, author = {Ji, Yifan}, title = {Exploring the Social-Psychological Mechanisms of Multiculturalism Alterity in Western Colleges and Universities [西方高校多元文化主义异变的社会心理学机制探析]}, series = {Journal of Lyuliang Education College [吕梁教育学院学报], No. 4 (2023), pp. 104-105, 113.}, journal = {Journal of Lyuliang Education College [吕梁教育学院学报], No. 4 (2023), pp. 104-105, 113.}, abstract = {近年来,以取消文化和觉醒文化为表现形式的多元文化主义泛滥,催生众多极端行为。学界认为,这一现象是由西方社会内外矛盾所致,但对其中的心理机制较少研究。根据弗洛姆心理学理论,民众因政治和经济动荡而内心不安,他们顺应多元文化主义,通过权威主义和机械趋同的心理逃避机制抚慰孤独和焦虑,其中以美国高校尤甚。探析多元文化主义的异变脉络,不仅有助于了解这一现象发生的内在机制,同时也启示我们应审慎、客观地对待相关议题,在促进社会和谐包容的同时坚守文化阵地。}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yuexian}, title = {Exploring the Ethical Alienation of >The Cement Garden< [《水泥花园》的伦理异化探析] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {China National Exhibition, No. 2 (2023), pp. 16-18.}, journal = {China National Exhibition, No. 2 (2023), pp. 16-18.}, abstract = {麦克尤恩的小说《水泥花园》讲述了在冷漠的现代社会下兄妹四人在失去父母之后,心理逐渐扭曲,伦理逐渐异化的过程。以弗洛姆异化理论为基础,从家庭内部、兄弟姐妹之间和人与社会三个方面探讨其中存在的伦理异化现象,并揭露其背后的隐喻含义。}, language = {zh} } @article{BlumBlum, author = {Blum, Harold P. and Blum, Elsa J.}, title = {Evolution of Freudian psychoanalytic thought in the twentieth-century USA: The influence of the European {\´e}migr{\´e}s (https://doi.org/10.1080/0803706X.2021.1984576)}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (No. 2, 2023), pp. 087-092.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 32 (No. 2, 2023), pp. 087-092.}, abstract = {This paper briefly reviews major theoretical and clinical changes in American psychoanalysis since its beginning in the early twentieth century. The immigration of European analysts in the 1930s and 40s was of major significance. Infant development research promoted a shift towards the importance of object relations, reducing the importance of the Oedipus complex. The increasing focus on narcissism and borderline personalities is discussed, as well as the applications to dynamic psychotherapy. Dogma dissipated with increasing latitude in theory and clinical work within >classical< psychoanalysis.}, language = {en} } @article{Funk, author = {Funk, Rainer}, title = {Erich Fromm: Eine Soziale Objektbeziehungstheorie}, series = {Th. Abel (Hg.), Handbuch der Objektbeziehungspsychologie, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), pp.}, journal = {Th. Abel (Hg.), Handbuch der Objektbeziehungspsychologie, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), pp.}, language = {de} }