@misc{Chai, author = {Chai, Tingting}, title = {Another Marx: A Humanism Annotation. On Fromm's Humanistic Interpretation of Marxist Philosophy [另一个马克思:一种人本主义化的诠释], PhD thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2008.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm (1900-1980) is a humanitarianism philosopher, he and Frankfurt's classmate advocated that through eliminates the disassimilation, the regression human nature path to realize person's liberation. Fromm's humanism theory intently reflection in his book >Marx's Concept of Man<, and he appeared by explains the genuine Marxism. Therefore, our research mainly bases on Fromm's this book. Fromm stood on >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844<, carried on humanism explanation to the Marxist philosophy, thought that Marxist philosophy is take >the humanitarianism and the disassimilation< as the foundation person study. To Marxism's understanding is the Fromm's humanism theory premise. Firstly, he has criticized that kind and twists the Marxist philosophy misregistration to only pay great attention person's material want, to neglect person's spiritual needs and the spiritual development vulgar materialism explanation at that time. In his opinion, Marxist philosophy is one kind about person's philosophy. >Marx's philosophy also represents one kind of protest, protested that person's disassimilation, protested the human loses his oneself, protested that the human changes into the thing.< It is the result that Marx inherits the West humanitarianism philosophy tradition, this philosophy tradition's essence is causes to person's concern, the human latent to be able to realizes. Obviously, Fromm has made the understanding which make the Marxist philosophy humanism, and pointed out that opposes the Marx youthful days and the grown-up time's thought and separates the Marx thought unified to make the law is to the Marx theory and Marx misinterpreting. In his eye, Marxist philosophy is a human study. From this indication, Fromm carries on the explanation to the Marx philosophy from person's natural disposition, the disassimilation, humanitarianism.- About person's natural, Fromm believed that Freud uses >the biology< the method belongs to person's natural disposition biological, Marx emphasizes person's sociality using one kind >the sociology< the method, this both respectively have the limitation, only synthesizes two person of theories in the glory truth thought, then possibly forms one perfect theory of human nature. Therefore, he studies the human nature question the method to surmounts two person >the sociobiology<, makes one kind of dynamic explanation from inside and outside factor interaction's angle to the human nature, he believed that the human nature is the potential, Human, then develops this kind of potential which does in the historic course, and defers to the human nature possible development direction to transform this kind of potential. Fromm stressed that human's natural takes root in the human survival condition one kind of contradiction. When the human was unable to overcome the existence two things to have all sorts of spiritual needs, these spiritual needs are precisely >humanity's unique driving influence Archimedes spot<, which also the human becomes person's only factor. Thus it can be seen, Fromm was still replying that >the human is anything< this question, but >anything is anything< the inquiry is actually the modern metaphysics thinking mode, makes every effort to obtain one to eternally unchanging, the idealistic ultimate existence, then definitely say, Fromm obtains finally >the abstract person<, this >the reality person< is very different from Marx.- Embarks from the modern metaphysics' thinking mode, presses >the human is anything<, take this kind of hypothesis's invariable abstract essence as a premise, take that this kind of idealistic person as the genuine person, but under system of private Capitalist property condition, when the reality person's work causes itself and person's that ideal essence departs from and opposes, Fromm's disassimilation theory as scheduled. He regards the disassimilation as individual one kind of subjective feeling, namely >the human takes the main body which and the object separates, to accept passively experiences the world and his oneself<, and develops the work disassimilation in >Draft manuscript< into the universal disassimilation, thus pointed out that >the disassimilation< for the Marx philosophy's core, but this kind of understanding has violated Marx's original intention. We acknowledged that the disassimilation in >Draft manuscript< is a central concept, the disassimilation is the deviation to person's kind of essence. In the final analysis, >Draft manuscript< did not have to get rid of the old philosophy abstract humanism completely the fetter. But after 1845, the situation had the obvious change, about the disassimilation, Marx only has also used, if also used this philosophy terminology >temporarily<, >was easy to understand with the philosopher< like this described, The disassimilation no longer discussed as the theory, but takes one kind of phenomenon to describe. This is a scotoma in Fromm's thought platform, therefore, we must understand the relations between Marx earlier period and the later period work, Marx establishes historical materialism which provided the survival thought logic, To understand human, no longer presses >person's essence is anything<, but >person's reality survival condition is what kind of<, as realized from the abstract person to the reality person's transformation. Fromm ignores totally the Marx later period's thought change, take vulgar materialism's question, the human nature reconstruction, the disassimilation analysis as one kind of humanitarianism concern finally. He thought that the Marxism essence is humanitarianism, the goal is the humanitarianism socialism, his socialism is that the human liberates from the disassimilation, through restores all people the disassimilation and the free activity to cause oneself to be liberated, and in this society, the pursue goal is a human, not the product, the human no longer is abnormal, it turned the full development person, thus realizes the unifies between the human and the ideal natural. Embarks from such thought logic, take the Marxism understanding as traditional humanitarianism inevitably.- This kind of humanitarianism is a humanism itself, But Marx still care about the human, he similarly take the human as core. From this significance, we are called the Marxism >new< humanitarianism for the time being, in fact, this is an appraisal and the standard criterion question. What so-called >the humanity< is the human >road of the survival<, but under the different historic condition, have the different survival need, namely >the humanity criterion is the history<, similarly, under any historic condition, exists conforms with the human survival the need, namely >humanity value<. Therefore, cannot embark from ideal, the general human nature, but appraises the reality the rationality from under the reality historic condition person. Thus, when tradition humanitarianism bases on the abstract human nature or person's essence establishes ethics principle, formed abstract ethics principle which has surmounted so-called which all historic condition, abstract eternally unchanged >justly<, >fair<, >friendly< and so on, but when Marx the philosophy has realized the transformation from the abstract person after the reality person, and caused the philosophical basis of the ethics to have the target transformation. The ethics principles are also put person's reality survival requirement foundation to understanding, namely, >friendly<, >just<, >fair<. These ethics principle is also understood for the reality, the history, but non-abstract, eternal. Thus, take the humanity's survival value as the appraisal social system's ultimate criterion, as surmounts all the evaluation criteria of the abstract humanitarianism, then this is run counter that Fromm pulls Marx back abstract humanitarianism. Generally speaking, this book's basic concept is untenable, but it provides a new angle of view to understand many Marx's thought, it is a big instructive to how to us to understand that person's question. And it is a critique to the capitalism cause personality's distortion, human nature loses, person's perishing with the disassimilation, make us see capitalist society's other aspect, deepen to the capitalism understanding, for us, it provides the theory weapon to understand and the analysis capitalist society comprehensively, objectively.}, language = {zh} } @article{Chai, author = {Chai, Tingting}, title = {Different Answers to the Same Problem - Fromm's and Marx's Thinking Comparison [同一问题的不同回答——弗洛姆与马克思人学思想比较]}, series = {Theory Research [学理论], No. 8 (2008), pp. 62-64.}, journal = {Theory Research [学理论], No. 8 (2008), pp. 62-64.}, abstract = {人是什么,是近代哲学一直追问的问题。而在现代西方关于人的 问题研究中,弗洛姆是一个非常典型的一个,他自称自己的人性论超越了马克思主义人学理论,使人学理论达到了一个新的高度。实际上,他仍把人的本性看成是天 生固有的东西,把人的社会性排斥在人的本性之外,从而在根本上仍然停留在传统的抽象的人性论的基础上,远未迄及马克思主义人性理论的高度。马克思的人是现 实中活生生的人,实现了由抽象的人到现实的人的哲学变革。}, language = {zh} } @article{Chai, author = {Chai, Tingting}, title = {Erich Fromm's >Historical Materialism< [重读弗洛姆的>历史唯物主义<]}, series = {Social Sciences Review [社科纵横], No. 6 (2008), pp. 113-114, 119.}, journal = {Social Sciences Review [社科纵横], No. 6 (2008), pp. 113-114, 119.}, abstract = {弗洛姆认为,对马克思哲学的误解中,没有什么观念比马克思的>唯物主义<观念传播得更为广泛了,因而,弗洛姆批判了对马克思哲学的庸俗唯物主义式的理解,并认为马克思哲学是一种人本主义哲学。弗洛姆对马克思历史唯物主义研究的合理成分是值得肯定的,但我们必须清楚马克思的唯物主义到底是一个什么样的唯物主义。}, language = {zh} }