@article{Zhu, author = {Zhu, Sihan}, title = {Alienated Freedom and Imaginary Freedom: from Erich Fromm's Theory of Freedom on >Herzog< [异化自由与空想自由:从艾里希·弗洛姆的自由理论谈《赫索格》] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Yangtze River Novels Appreciation [长江小说鉴赏], No. 30 (2023), pp. 65-68.}, journal = {Yangtze River Novels Appreciation [长江小说鉴赏], No. 30 (2023), pp. 65-68.}, abstract = {自由思想是艾里希·弗洛姆精神分析学说的核心。对马克思人本主义和弗洛伊德精神分析学的批判继承使得弗洛姆的自由思想充分关注社会制度与人性的联系。他指出"逃避自由"的原因在于社会制度,它表现为人的个体化矛盾。对于该问题,弗洛姆提出>爱<的答案,创造了积极自由的理想模式。索尔·贝娄的小说《赫索格》塑造了赫索格这一具有个体化矛盾的形象,他因消极自由行为反常,因爱得到救赎。在异化问题上,弗洛姆与贝娄试图以>爱<来对抗异化的方法具有难以实践的空想性。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhou, author = {Zhou, Xiaoyu}, title = {A Study of Alienation Dilemma in >Everything I Never Told You< from the Perspective of Humanism, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] Celeste Ng is one of the important Chinese American writers in American society, who becomes very popular at home and abroad with the publication of her first novel >Everything I Never Told You<. Ng's works focus on the living conditions of ethnic minorities and marginal people in society. Her writing style is mild and restrained, and she explores the relationship between people with a trivial story pattern. >Everything I Never Told You< tells the living dilemma of an Asian mixed-race family through the trivial things in daily life. This thesis mainly takes Fromm's humanism as the breakthrough point to deeply analyze the alienation performance of the protagonists in >Everything I Never Told You<, its causes and ways of salvation, and points out the pressure and challenges people face in modern society. As a representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm reveals the universal alienation phenomenon in a capitalist society and researches this problem. His analysis expresses his concern and cogitation on the plight of human alienation. This thesis examines the alienation and suffering of the James' through humanistic thought and strives to find a way out in the alienated world. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly includes the introduction of Celeste Ng and her work >Everything I Never Told You< and the research review at home and abroad, and points out the purpose and significance of analyzing the works from the perspective of Fromm's humanism. The second part is the main body. The main part of the thesis consists three chapters: The first chapter analyzes the performance of the alienation dilemma. Firstly, the protagonists become marginal. In social life, James and Lydia are difficult integrating into society as Asians; in family, Marilyn's demands are ignored by family members, and Nath and Hannah are ignored by their parents. Secondly, people are trapped into self-contradiction. Marine falls into the contradiction between self-potential and short life, and Lydia is in the contradiction between life and death. Finally, the protagonists all become silent subordinates. Lydia has no courage to rebel her parents, and James and Marilyn follows the rules of society. These performances belong to the alienation of the relationship between man and man, man and society, and man and himself. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the alienation dilemma. There are two main reasons for the alienation dilemma: family reasons and social reasons. The disharmony between husband and wife, the unbalanced love of parents for their children, and the estrangement between siblings constitute a complex family relationship. James, who lives in a white society as an Asian, has never been able to integrate into the white society truly. Although Marilyn is a white woman, she is still oppressed and discriminated against in terms of gender. These social discriminations also affect the alienation of characters. The third chapter analyzes the salvation ways of alienation dilemma. The broken family finally recognizes the reality and directly faces Lydia's death. Then they build personal subjectivity and overcome obstacles through the love between family members, and then the family is out of alienation dilemma. Fromm believes that love is an effective way of treating human dilemmas. At the same time, people can enrich their existence value and achieve spiritual integrity by giving love. The last part is the conclusion. This part summarizes the above discussion and finds the way of salvation through the analysis of alienation embodiments and causes. It hopes to arouse people's deep attention to the alienation dilemma of human existence in contemporary society, deepen people's self-identity cognition and thinking about the harmonious relationship between family and society. It also provides reference for other inter-racial families to solve the problems of family conflict, children relationship, social discrimination and so on. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhou, author = {Zhou, Suzhen}, title = {The Survival Predicament of >the Beat Generation< - A Study of >On the Road< from the Perspective of Alienation, Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] As one of the representative figures in the Beat Generation, Jack Kerouac presents a real and detailed life of the group in his semi-autobiographical novel >On the Road<. The uninhibited lifestyle of the young people and their desire for freedom profoundly reveal their perdue fear and discomposure beneath the social prosperity and stabilization in America after World War II. The rebellious behavior of the characters in the novel is a way for them to promote individuality and express their true feelings, which reflects their suppressed anger and anxiety. Because this group have been marginalized and stifled by dominant culture, they attempt to explore new lifestyles and values about human beings. With the theory of alienation by Fromm, this thesis aims to interpret the social reasons why the people who persistently pursue independence and freedom end up succumbing to secular discipline. Although this sub-cultural group oppose to the suppression of the society, they all choose to compromise with the community they have revolted. It is argued that the cause of their final choice of life is the highly-institutionalized mechanical civilization which condenses humans' space for personal survival and development. The alienation of labor resulting from mechanization alienated people's psychology, which leads to alienation of freedom and love. The commodities and prosperity in modern society do not bring about real meaning to them. On the contrary, the illusory happiness beguiles them into instant gratification to such an extent that they abnegate spiritual independence unconsciously. The three chapters of the thesis expound the contradictory behaviors of the main characters in the novel from the aspects of alienation of freedom, love and labor, aiming to clarify the source of their psychological alienation. According to the analysis of the thesis, it is argued that the alienation of labor emerging along with the development of capitalism is the main cause of psychological alienation and the suppressive social environment leads to rebellion of the youth. While as individual resistance and spiritual pursuit are not capable to resist mighty social discipline, they are doomed to compromise with the society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Ziruo}, title = {The Research of Fromm's Social Critical Thought, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China 2023.}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] With the new development of modern capitalism, Fromm, who had experienced two world wars and economic crisis, saw with a sharp eye all the pathological phenomena behind its prosperity. So Erich Fromm combined Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxism to launch a comprehensive critique of modern capitalism. Fromm's social criticism can be deconstructed into three parts: the basis of criticism is the theory of human nature featuring psychoanalysis; the objects of criticism include various pathological phenomena in the economic, political, cultural and psychological fields; the final point of criticism is to build a sound society and cultivate sound people through comprehensive reform. Fromm's social critical thought has its rationality and limitations. On the one hand, Fromm inherited and developed the critical spirit of Marx, and insisted on human-centeredness, paying extra attention to the development of people themselves. On the other hand, his critique of modern capitalism is superficial and does not go deep into the fundamental contradictions of capitalism, and his social conception is too ideal and lacks practicality. However, by finding the positive part of Fromm's social critical thought, it can provide some realistic insights into the solution of the specific problems faced in our social development. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024]}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yuexian}, title = {Exploring the Ethical Alienation of >The Cement Garden< [《水泥花园》的伦理异化探析] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {China National Exhibition, No. 2 (2023), pp. 16-18.}, journal = {China National Exhibition, No. 2 (2023), pp. 16-18.}, abstract = {麦克尤恩的小说《水泥花园》讲述了在冷漠的现代社会下兄妹四人在失去父母之后,心理逐渐扭曲,伦理逐渐异化的过程。以弗洛姆异化理论为基础,从家庭内部、兄弟姐妹之间和人与社会三个方面探讨其中存在的伦理异化现象,并揭露其背后的隐喻含义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Sihui}, title = {Study on Alienation of Short Video Technology, Master thesis, Computer Software and Application of Computer; Journalism and Media, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023. [doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000873]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] With the rapid development of the Internet and the widespread use of mobile devices, short video applications have become widely available on people's smartphones, playing an important role in their daily lives. Currently, short video technology is constantly changing and gradually improving its functions, which has greatly enriched people's daily life, and browsing short videos has become an important way of leisure for people, and the number of short videos has grown geometrically with users, however, short video technology has also produced alienation in this process. This article, based on Marxist humanist thought, Marcuse's theory of technological alienation, and Fromm's humanization of technology, delves deeply into the related issues of short video technology alienation and its governance, providing important theoretical guidance and practical reference for the development of short videos.- The specific performance of short video technology alienation is mainly in the following four aspects: First, the thinking alienation caused by short video algorithm recommendation technology, which is mainly reflected in the gradual reduction of people's logical thinking ability, the weakening of rational judgment ability and the increasing instrumental rationality; second, the aesthetic alienation caused by short video beauty technology, mainly manifested by the objectification of self-aesthetics, the convergence of individual aesthetics and the increasing vulgarization of the mass aesthetic; thirdly, the alienation of values caused by short video rewarding technology is mainly reflected in the formation of wrong career and consumption views by diversified values, the enhancement of utilitarian values and the prevalence of egoistic values; finally, the alienation of self-presentation caused by following technology is mainly reflected in the entertainment and homogenization of self-presentation and the confusion of real self and ideal self. The causes of the problem of short video technology alienation can be attributed to three main aspects. Firstly, on the technological level, the flawed design of short video technology, including structural elements, and the uncertainty of the consequences of its application, have led to the occurrence of short video technology alienation. Secondly, on the subject level, the blind pursuit of profit by the design subject, the value of flow prioritization by the production subject, and the lack of rationality by the application subject have all contributed to the problem. Thirdly, on the social level, the undesirable effect of short video pan-entertainment, the imperfect moral education of short video technology and the unsound social supervision all lead to the alienation of short video technology to a certain extent.- This article analyzes and summarizes the problem of short video technology alienation through the method of literature analysis and the combination of theory and practice. The following measures are proposed: first, technical governance of short video technology alienation by establishing the concept of human-centered design, improving the algorithm recommendation technology system and forming an information filtering ecological environment; second, for individual governance, it is necessary to strengthen the unity of designer's rights and obligations, promote the unity of author's subjectivity and initiative, and encourage application users to rationally evaluate technology; third, in terms of social governance, the leading role of values should be improved, the moral education of short video technology should be strengthened, and the social regulation system should be improved. These measures are expected to promote the progress of short video technology and create a healthy short video environment. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Kainan}, title = {A Study of Fromm's Subject Conception, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China 2023.}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm, an American German Jew. He is a representative figure of the Frankfurt School, as well as a famous philosopher, psychologist, and sociologist. Throughout his lifetime of academic research, it is not difficult to find that the concept of subjectivity runs through all of his theoretical achievements as the main thread. Although Erich Fromm criticized human subjectivity in modern western capitalist society, he also provided a new perspective for our society to examine subjectivity. Erich Fromm, through the construction of human subjectivity, hopes that people can actively and consciously participate in the face of irreversible free life, and can give full play to the productive and creative characteristics of people as the main body of social life, build a meaningful life on the basis of love and reason, and constantly obtain human self realization. Erich Fromm's thought not only critically inherits Freud's psychoanalysis theory, but also includes the absorption and reference of Marx's theory of alienated labor and humanism. There are similarities and differences between Erich Fromm's interpretation of human subjectivity and Marx's view that human beings actively transform the world by relying on their own subjective initiative. Erich Fromm's life has been calling for the return of human subjectivity, emphasizing the importance of human itself. Influenced by Marx, his understanding of the world is that of humans, a world where humans exist as the main body. Humans can transform the world through their own creative activities, and the world should become a world that gives people value and meaning. Erich Fromm's subjective view can help us understand what kind of social life subjects are needed in modern society, and provide useful enlightenment for us to cultivate and shape sound citizens in combination with the national conditions and folk conditions of Chinese society. However, Erich Fromm's subjective view also has certain limitations, that is, it is far away from the world outlook and methodology of materialism, and it also ignores the class problem. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025]}, language = {zh} } @article{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Jie}, title = {A Brief Discussion on Fromm's Thought of Escaping Freedom and Its Relevance [浅论弗洛姆逃避自由思想及其现实意义]}, series = {Xinchu Culture [新楚文化], No. 7 (2023), pp. 69-72.}, journal = {Xinchu Culture [新楚文化], No. 7 (2023), pp. 69-72.}, abstract = {弗洛姆在马克思主义人学思想的基础上,结合弗洛伊德非理性潜意识理论,基于对法西斯主义产生的人性根源的分析,提出了个体在追求自由的过程中不可避免地面临自由和恐惧如影随形的生存困境。面对困境,人们用威权依附、破坏欲和机械趋同的逃避机制来掩盖困境,却在实践中给人类带来了巨大的灾难。为此,弗洛姆倡导人们通过创造性劳动和爱的实践来建立独立完整的精神结构,发展丰沛的自我,在追求自由的同时摆脱孤独的恐惧,走出困境实现自由。弗洛姆的逃避自由思想不仅为个体实现积极自由指明了方向,还为构建和谐社会提供了启示。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zeng, author = {Zeng, Fanqi}, title = {The Alienation and Awakening of Characters in >Tree of Smoke<, Master thesis, World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] >Tree of Smoke< is one of the most recognized works by American novelist and playwright Denis Johnson. The book won the 2007 U. S. National Book Award, and Denis has been called >the writers' writer<. With Vietnam War as the background, Denis' work portrays a number of characters such as American officers Skip, Colonel, Kathy, and the Houston brothers, providing a deep insight into the alienation and awakening of human nature during the war. Rather than depicting the large-scale scenes of fighting on the battlefield, the novel focuses more on the individual activities of the characters in the process of war, presenting the sinking and struggling of individuals and society in the war with a unique approach that conveys a genuine anti-war theme. With the support of Fromm's alienation theory, the thesis analyzes the alienation of the characters in >Tree of Smoke< by applying Fromm's alienation theory. In accord with Fromm's judgement, under the condition of capitalist society, alienation is present all the time and everywhere, it makes human beings become alienated individuals, limiting their self-development, which in turn affects the public. The alienated society and individuals oppress each other, forming a social atmosphere of alienation and indifference, the relationship of people's interests replaces warmth, only true love can eliminate this alienation. With the perspective of alienation theory, the characters' self-alienation, the alienation between the characters and society, and the alienation of the characters' interpersonal relationships are plainly visible in >Tree of Smoke<. Denis reveals the danger of war with profound strokes, appeals to opposing war and pursuing peace with the characters' awakening out of alienation. The thesis consists of an introduction, a conclusion and five main chapters. The introduction presents an overview of author Denis Johnson's life and major works, which focuses on the analyzed text of this dissertation, >Tree of Smoke<, the text's literary status and textual significance are described, along with the current state of the text's study at home and abroad. Then, the thesis' innovative points and thematic argu¬ments are outlined. Chapter one is the theoretical foundation, which introduces the origin and development of alienation theory, and focuses on the alienation theory that Fromm developed and constructed, which is mainly applied in this thesis. Chapter two explores the self-alienation of the characters in >Tree of Smoke< indicating that in the context of war and capitalist society, there exists alienation of the characters' self-perception, and the inhibition of the characters' self-development in such condition. Chapter three analyzes the alienation between the characters and society, illustrating the suppression of individuals in the environ¬ment of war by American and Vietnamese societies; individuals in such apathetic and repressive social environment become mechanically submissive. Chapter four analyzes the characters' alienation of inter¬personal relationships, exploring the dysfunctional family relationship and the distorted love relationships. Chapter five analyzes the gradual awakening of the characters in the process of war from three aspects: the self-alienation of individuals, the alienation between characters and society, and the alienated interpersonal relationships. Individuals rebuild their self-perceptions and explore their thoughts, the society as a whole reflects rationally on the war, and individuals no longer blindly follow the militant social atmosphere. In the presence of alienated interpersonal relationships, the characters also demonstrate different degrees of recognition and confrontation in both family and love. The conclusion points out that, against the background of war and capitalist society, the alienation, which is present everywhere, grows increasingly, resulting in the characters' self-development being restricted, separating the family members, and even going to the abyss of death. In the cruel war, the gradual awa¬kening of individuals is a resistance to alienation and a protest against war. The conclusion also indicates the significance and shortcomings of this study, with a purpose to provide a reference for the subsequent study of >Tree of Smoke<. Different from traditional Vietnam War fiction, Denis Johnson presents a complex series of scenes and plots that portray transformative characters, creating a new dimension beyond the universal elements of war fiction. With the characters' awakening out of alienation and their pursuit of self as the foundation, Johnson perpetuates his belief of embracing peace and rejecting war. Even though the characters in the book do not achieve a complete awakening in the end, their efforts to dissolve alienation and regain their true nature still have a positive guiding significance today, when the war still endangers humanity. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025]}, language = {zh} } @article{YangWang, author = {Yang, Mingyue and Wang, Zhiyin}, title = {Briony's Self-redemption Process in >Atonement< Based on Social Personality Theory [社会性格理论下《赎罪》中布里奥妮的自我救赎过程] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Peony [牡丹], No. 20 (2023), pp. 95-98.}, journal = {Peony [牡丹], No. 20 (2023), pp. 95-98.}, abstract = {赎罪》是麦克尤恩的一部著名的长篇小说,小说中悲剧形成的背后显然存在着更复杂的因素。本文以弗洛姆的社会性格理论为理论依据,从社会经济因素、父母意识两个方面出发,对书中推动布里奥妮作出错误指认的因素进行分析,并借此研究深埋在悲剧之后的一系列阶级问题和腐朽思想,发现严苛的阶级观念和畸形的母爱是造成布里奥妮畸形性格的元凶,而成年之后的布里奥妮又通过道德意识的觉醒,实现自我救赎。}, language = {zh} }