@misc{Lu, author = {Lu, Yinghua}, title = {Analysis on Wilhelm Reich's Thought of Man [赖希人学思想辨析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2010.}, abstract = {This paper attempts to analyze Wilhelm Reich's ethical thought, the center of which is sexual ethics. Reich, consolidated and developed the thought of Freud and Marx, therefore created Psychoanalytic Marxism. By analyzing Reich's thought, this thesis also explicates the theories of Freud and Marx.- This paper doesn't simply research thinkers by dint of thought, but also research thought by dint of thinkers, emphasizing the topic of desire and human nature. In the aspects of human nature first, Marx believed that the desire for economic benefits is inherent in human nature. However, this desire is not equivalent to human essence, in his view, the true humanity is the creative demand. The ultimate goal of eliminating alienation is to endow people with creativity and to achieve self-realization.- Second, people have instinctive desire and non-instinctive desire, and great attention was paid to the former one in this paper. Freud thought what is inherent in human nature is life instinct (appetite and sexual desire) and death instinct (assault and self-destruction). The proposal of attack instinct shows Freud's pessimism about human nature. The instinct of self-destruction is inevitable concomitant life instinct. One purses happiness to the extreme so that his excitement decrease to the least, which signifies the coming of death.- Third, Reich's theory of human nature takes sex as the focus. He transformed Freud's distinction of id, ego and superego, and Marx's alienation theory, put forward a new three-levels character structure. He believed that the sexual instinct is good, sexual repression is the root of all evil. He mentioned the >character armor< in psychology, which is similar to the sense of honor and shame in ethics. In the interpretation of social and political phenomenon, Reich highlighted that under sexual repression man will have mental illness. They become numb, mechanical, vegetative people who act according to irrational emotions and personality which are caused by sexual repression. They are incapable to be free, resulting in authoritarian society, such as Fascist society. The people suffering from sexual repression con not recognize their own interests, they lose class consciousness and support a political party which can not represent their interests. This article's analysis and evaluation on Reich's construction of sexual revolution, discusses the ethics of sexual activity, Reich's idea of >Orgon< Energy and Work-democracy, expounding the reverie of Reich's thought. According to Reich, religion is a product of sexual repression, while worsening sexual repression. He criticized religious mysticism and racism at the same time. This paper analyzes the nature of religion i.e. soothing painfulness and the basis of region i.e. morality, pointing out the meaning of abstinence and the paradox of hedonism and altruism. In a word, Reich's understanding of religion is not thorough. This paper explicates inspiration and reflection caused by Reich's ethical thought. First, faced to the nature of sex, there are different views of optimism and pessimism. Speaking from Kant's discussion of sex, we illustrate characteristics of sexual desire, such as, for satisfying sexual desires people need to let their sexual organs get physical contact with other people. It embodies the conflict of wills, therefore implying harm. Reich's metaphysically optimism lacks awareness of these.- Second, from the view of psychology and philosophy (especially philosophy of life), this thesis questions whether sexual repression causes mental illness, proves Reich's exaggeration.- Next, discusses the dialectical relationship between sex and love, what 'is voluntary, and the question of sexual indulgence and the elimination of sexual repression, pointing out contradiction in Reich's thought. Reich's thought is significant, especially in his time. However, people's sexual repression has been greatly eased in contemporary society, and the harmfulness of sexual indulgence is emerging gradually. Today our task is to re-establish the two endpoints as evil and new middle way as good. Reich's sexual ethics, still has positive meaning to us. By comparing with the theories of Fromm and Marcuse, Reich's thought can better promote our freedom, while the former one's criticism of advanced society will hinder our progress.}, language = {zh} }