@misc{Ding, author = {Ding, Naishun}, title = {A Research on Fromm's Freedom [埃利希•弗洛姆的自由思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2009.}, abstract = {From the ancient time, freedom is not only the problem we deeply inquired but also the target we actively and continuously realizing. But there are different understandings for the concept of freedom. As a Marxian of Freudianism in 20th century, Fromm focused on this problem with a different way than other theorists. Fromm's thought of freedom mainly derived from the historical concept of Marx and the psychology of Freud. He investigated the origin and the developmental thread of freedom from the perspective of history and psychology. In the opinion of Fromm, man, as an individual, liberated from the chains of the Middle Age and gained the unprecedented freedom. Nevertheless, the development of Capitalist Society caused the rising of insecurity, anxiety, independent and at the same time, people also disabled to enjoy the hard-won freedom. From then on, people thought that they could forget the reality by the way of devoting themselves to the economic life and regarded them as a component of a giant machine. In order to break away from the psychological pressure and the feeling of insecurity, people changed their dreams form >Pursuit of Freedom< to the opposite side, which is called >Escape from Freedom<. In order to change this morbid concept of Freedom, Fromm proposed a scheme which consists three parts: creative works, love and to construct a sound society. In his opinion, Freedom is a prerequisite for a healthy society. We must to construct a sound society to maintain this hard-won freedom. This will be the only way to be a sound man and to realize the dream of freedom. This paper investigates the wholeness, historicity and the limitation of Fromm's theory based on the original materials and the contemporary study. The aim of this paper is to clarify the uniqueness and importance of Fromm's thought about Freedom, and further, to demonstrate the practical significance of freedom. I hope this investigation could provide valuable ideas and references for the construction of people-oriented and harmonious society. There are four parts in this paper.- First part is to investigate the background of Fromm's thought about freedom based on the society and theory situation of Fromm himself. Fromm lived in the early 80 years of 20th century. In this period happened two world wars, great depression, the Nazis came to power, nuclear weapons used in war and so on. As a result, this is the most intense period in human history. All of these events became the important observation objects for Fromm. Beside this, the special family situation and the experience became the other source of Fromm's thought.- Second part is to investigate the theoretical basement of Fromm's thought of freedom from the development of his concept of freedom. Fromm's views about freedom based on two aspects: real situation of the society and the living condition of human. In reality, man cannot escape from the dichotomy of existence and history. Fromm insists on the Marx's viewpoint of studying the human from reality, but also believes that man can hardly change his position in the history development. In contemporary capitalist society, people cannot escape from the alienation. In Fromm's opinion, humanity not only includes animality but also the sociality. So the alienation is about not only the society but also the humanity. And all of these aspects became the component of Fromm's viewpoint about freedom.- In the third part, we demonstrate the main content of Fromm's concept of freedom, the emergence of the paradox in freedom and the way of constructing a sound society. Based on the development sequences of society, he analyzes the situation of freedom in different times and the attitude toward the freedom. Then he analyzes the process that how the freedom changed into its opposite side from the perspective of history and psychology. At last, he investigates the ways to eliminate the phenomenon of >escape from freedom< from the subjective and objective perspectives.- Fourth and also the last part, we demonstrate the meaning and the limitation of the freedom by investigating the concept of Fromm's freedom. There is a specialty in Fromm's understanding about freedom, which is to bring the >problem of freedom< into psychology. But, Fromm proposed much more utopian and unrealistic way in resolving the problem of >escape from the freedom<, they are creative work, love and few reforms. This is not a right way toward the real freedom.}, language = {zh} }