TY - GEN A1 - Xia, Bohua T1 - The Analysis and Comparison of Fromm and Berlin’s Freedom Theory [弗洛姆逃避自由理论和柏林两种自由理论之分析与比较], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Theory, Southwest University, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2012. N2 - 本文就弗洛姆和柏林的自由理论分别进行了进行解读和分析。其中从自由是个心理学问题,人性与社会的两种适应关系,自由对人的双重影响、宗教改革和当代的自由、逃避自由的心理机制以及如何克服消极意义上的自由等多个方面解读了弗洛姆的自由思想。弗洛姆认为现代的我们比任何时候的人都需要自由,然而却没有享受到真正的自由,相反却是逃避自由。造成这个结果的原因主要是由社会和人心理双重压力所致。一方面,人越来越独立自由,越来越富有批判精神。同时,越来越孤立、孤独、微不足道、无能为力。另一方面,逃避孤独、是人性中固有的因素。弗洛姆认为逃避自由的主要机制就是权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同。同时他也区分了消极自由与积极自由。本文对柏林的分析是从积极自由和消极自由、自我实现、多元论思想等进行的,伯林区分了消极自由和积极自由,认为>消极自由<为个人行动不受他人干涉的区域;>积极自由<意味着个人的生活和选择是由自己而不是任何异己的因素所决定。他极力推崇消极自由。但伯林的消极自由观也蕴含了内在的危机。同时文章也对两者的自由理论进行比较。他们都认为自由分为积极和消极自由。更多的是不同点,本文主要从他们对两种自由概念的理解、两种自由的侧重点,以及达到自由的途径不同,理论贡献和缺陷等四个方面进行分析。 N2 - This paper interprets and analyzes Fromm's and Berlin's theories of freedom respectively. The paper interprets Fromm's idea of freedom from various aspects, including freedom as a psychological problem, the two adaptive relations between human nature and society, the dual influence of freedom on human beings, the Reformation and contemporary freedom, the psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom and how to overcome the negative sense of freedom. Fromm argues that we need freedom more than ever in the modern age, yet we do not enjoy true freedom, but rather avoid it. The reason for this result is mainly due to the double pressure of society and human psychology. On the one hand, people are becoming more and more independent, free and critical. At the same time, they are becoming more and more isolated, lonely, insignificant and powerless. On the other hand, escaping from loneliness is an inherent element of human nature. According to Fromm, the main mechanisms of escaping from freedom are authoritarianism, destructive desire and mechanical convergence. At the same time, he also distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. In this paper, Berlin's analysis is based on the ideas of positive freedom and negative freedom, self-realization, pluralism, etc. Berlin distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. Individuals' lives and choices are determined by themselves and not by any dissident factors. He was a strong advocate of negative freedom. But there is also an inherent crisis in Berlin's view of negative liberty. The article also compares the two theories of freedom. They both agree that freedom is divided into positive and negative freedom. More points of difference, this article mainly analyzes four aspects, such as their understanding of the two concepts of freedom, the focus of the two freedoms, and the different ways to reach freedom, theoretical contributions and defects. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-Fromm/frontdoor/index/index/docId/30649 ER -