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The article surveys and extends variational formulations of the thermodynamic free
energy and discusses their information-theoretic content from the perspective of mathematical statistics. We revisit the well-known Jarzynski equality for nonequilibrium free energy sampling within the framework of importance sampling and Girsanov change-of-measure transformations. The implications of the different variational formulations for designing efficient stochastic optimization and nonequilibrium simulation algorithms for computing free energies are discussed and illustrated.
Linear response theory and optimal control for a molecular system under nonequilibrium conditions
(2013)
In this paper, we propose a straightforward generalization of linear
response theory to systems in nonequilibrium that are subject to
nonequilibrium driving. We briefly revisit the standard linear response
result for equilibrium systems, where we consider Langevin dynamics
as a special case, and then give an alternative derivation using a
change-of-measure argument that does not rely on any stationarity or
reversibility assumption. This procedure moreover easily enables us
to calculate the second order correction to the linear response formula
(which may or may not be useful in practice). Furthermore, we outline
how the novel nonequilibirum linear response formula can be used to
compute optimal controls of molecular systems for cases in which one
wants to steer the system to maximize a certain target expectation
value. We illustrate our approach with simple numerical examples.