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In the time of increased awareness about the environment problems by the public opinion and also intensive international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, as well increase of the generation of electrical energy to facilitate industrial growth, the conference offers broad contribution towards achieving the goals of diversification and sustainable development.
Focus of the student conference is to promote the discussion of views from scientists and students from Wroclaw University of Technology, Technical University of Ostrava and Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus.
The conference offers prominent academics and industrial practitioners from all over the world the forum for discussion about the future of electrical energy and environmental issues and presents a base for identifying directions for continuation of research.
In this paper, through a literature review, I clarify the meaning of public space and reflect on theoretical approaches to and methods of assessing the ability of historic public spaces to enhance social sustainability. I explain how the definition of public space and approaches to urban planning share concepts with social sustainability.
Finally, reflecting on examples of empirical research that attempt to
link physical and social components of public spaces, I point out the
methodological strengths and weaknesses in the field.
In the time of increased awareness about the environment problems by the public opinion and also intensive international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, as well increase of the generation of electrical energy to facilitate industrial growth, the conference offers broad contribution towards achieving the goals of diversification and sustainable development.
Focus of the student conference is to promote the discussion of views from scientists and students from Wroclaw University of Technology, Technical University of Ostrava and Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus.
The conference offers prominent academics and industrial practitioners from all over the world the forum for discussion about the future of electrical energy and environmental issues and presents a base for identifying directions for continuation of research.
The World Heritage List, created in 1972 by the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World's Cultural and Natural Heritage, exhibits few cultural sites younger than
the signing of the convention, as well as everyday structures which comprise the contemporary urban life.
This idea of heritage as something related to the ancient not only is manifested in the international sphere but has also permeated national views, weakening awareness for discreet heritage, which compete with designs from famous architects or monumental structures, giving the impression that grandeur and looks are highly coveted. This does not only discard relevant events of the mid-late 20th century attached to smaller constructions that had impacts on different cultures, but also integral components of urban fabric. Furthermore, these approaches towards heritage relevance resonate within the local populations, who, taking as examples how heritage is treated and approached in an international context, tend to overlook structures that are considered aesthetically displeasing because they do not adhere to this traditional scheme seen in the heritage field.
From here extends the idea of analyzing case studies that fall within overlooked heritage from a new angle: one of valuating aesthetic displeasure. The thesis will focus
on individual and serial constructions of the 20th century commonly seen as displeasing due to their typologies and styles but also due to their formal characteristics,
redirecting the attention from those considered aesthetically pleasing and grandiose towards otherwise ignored built heritage. Additionally, it will address the perceptions of such structures in the context of the international heritage and conservation spheres, to present how these structures are currently not fully appreciated within the traditional idea of heritage due to their looks and commonality. This approach does in fact overlook, and even relegate, those buildings that do not fit into the preconceived idea of aesthetics, denying the opportunity to explore and find their potential for heritage value.
Nostocales form thick-walled, resting cells (akinetes) for overwintering in lake sediments of Central Europe. The pelagic Nostocales population recruits after the germination of akinetes, which mainly takes place in the spring with increasing temperatures and light intensities. The study aimed to i) characterize the sediment surfaces inhabited by viable akinetes that potentially contribute to the formation of a pelagic population, and ii) estimate the inoculum size of the available sedimentary akinete pool. We investigated the horizontal distribution of akinetes in sediments and the seasonal course of light and temperature in two deep dimictic lakes (Lake Stechlinsee, max. depth 69 m and Lake Scharmützelsee, max. depth 29.5 m; NE Germany). The akinete pool was calculated and the potential inoculum was estimated using assumed light and temperature data for akinete germination. The akinete abundance in sediments depended on the basin morphometry and increased with water depth. Only a small proportion of the viable akinete pool in shallow water areas contributed as inoculum to pelagic population. The potential inoculum size in Lake Scharmützelsee was larger than in Lake Stechlinsee.
Flooding of dry sediments is known to trigger pulses of microbial respiration at land-water-interfaces. The regulation of discharge variability is therefore proposed to affect the respiration balance of these sites. In this study, I assessed the impact of discharge regulation on microbial respiration associated to surface sediments at a land-water-interface of the river Spree. I developed a theoretical model, based on empirical respiration data, to estimate the two-month total respiration at the study site for three discharge scenarios. The real scenario represented the actual discharge at the study site, which was regulated by the Spremberg reservoir dam. In the unregulated scenario, the regulating effect by the dam was excluded. In the extremely regulated scenario, a hypothetical constant discharge was modeled. For each scenario, the daily discharge, the corresponding flooded areas, the extent of dry or rewetted areas, and the durations of flooding or rewetting by rain at the study site were determined. Microbial respiration rates associated to surface sediments were measured with a respirometer under flooded, dry, and rewetted conditions. The model applied these rates to the respective flooded, dry or rewetted areas of the study site, to calculate the daily areal respiration. In all sediments from the land-water-interface, a distinctive respiration pulse was measured on the first day of flooding, and higher respiration rates under flooded than under dry conditions. The discharge of the unregulated scenario was characterized by a higher variability and larger flow volume than the regulated real scenario. Due to the higher total discharge, larger areas were flooded in the unregulated scenario, the total respiration from sediments under long-term flooded conditions was therefore higher. Moreover, the daily extent of flooded areas fluctuated more strongly, hence more short-term respiration pulses upon flooding were triggered than in the real regulated scenario. The calculated total two-month respiration of the unregulated scenario exceeded that of the regulated real scenario by almost 14 %. These results suggest that discharge regulation can have a considerable negative impact on sediment-associated microbial respiration at land-water-interfaces.
The research introduces volunteering at World Heritage site as a potential civic engagement tool, which can increase communication between heritage property and local community. The first part of the study focuses on the concept of volunteering and on the role it plays in community involvement at World Heritage sites as well as on its benefits for social development in general.
The second part of the research intends to give practical recommendation on designing a volunteer program under conditions of the World Heritage site of the Palaces and Parks in Potsdam and Berlin. The author raises a question how a volunteering program can be organized to be effective and at the same time to respond to the UNESCO World Heritage Programme and to the newest UNESCO conservation concepts, such as Historic Urban Landscape approach.
The study aims to serve as a practical guide for museums and heritage organisations that intend to improve community involvement in their work.
The ability to fix molecular nitrogen is considered to be a competitive advantage of Nostocales to overcome periods of nitrogen shortage but it is unclear to what extend these cyanobacteria import nitrogen into freshwaters and if they are able to compensate the efforts of reducing anthropogenic nitrogen input.
We studied nitrogen fixation, cyanobacterial biovolume and species composition and abiotic parameters in two polymictic lakes (Germany) over three years. Although Nostocales were present from April to November N2-fixation was found only from June/July to September. In the summer months, it amounted up to 40 mgN m-²d-¹ or up to 500 mgN m-²d-¹ resulting in rather low annual N-inputs between 0.1 and 8 gN m-²a-¹. We found a high variation in N2-fixation rates between the two lakes and the years, which could neither be explained by total Nostocales biovolume nor heterocyte numbers. N2-fixation rates measured in the field will be analyzed on Nostocales species level, be compared to those of laboratory cultures and be discussed in the context of possible phosphorus or light limitation of Nostocales.
This thesis focuses on the deposition of thin TiO₂ films on p-type Si using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, on the study of the electronic proprieties of the grown films and on the electrochemical characterization of TiO₂/Si photoelectrodes. The deposition parameters, electronic properties and electrochemical performance and stability of the TiO₂/Si samples are correlated.
The ALD technique is used to deposit TiO₂ with two different precursors namely Titanium isopropoxide and Titanium methoxide onto Si substrates. Laboratory as well as synchrotron based X-ray spectroscopy techniques are used to characterize these films. The growth quality of the TiO₂ ALD films is determined by analyzing X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data in terms of stoichiometry, defect states and Ti³⁺:Ti⁴⁺ ratios. The ALD technique was modified with different heating arrangements to obtain various polymorphs of TiO₂.
The ALD and anatase TiO₂ films are characterized using synchrotron radiation to study their electronic properties and these films are compared with single crystal rutile TiO₂. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (res-PES) measurements are performed with synchrotron radiation. XAS measurements are used to determine the polymorphs as well as the electronic structure of TiO₂ Res-PES measurements are conducted at the O1s and Ti2p edges to study multiple hole Auger decay processes and polaronic and charge transfer states as well as to determine the electronic band gap of the TiO₂ layers. One of the main findings of this thesis is the determination of the partial density of states (pDOS) of O and Ti in the conduction and valence band. The combination of the pDOS and the band edge positions obtained from res-PES measurements are used to calculate the charge neutrality level of the TiO₂ polymorphs.
The photoelectrochemical measurements are conducted on bare-Si and TiO₂/Si photoelectrodes. The electrochemical performance of these photoelectrodes is studied in electrolytes having pH values ranging from 1 to 13. The deposition of TiO₂ on Si enhances the photoelectrochemical performance of the Si photoelectrode. The TiO₂ increases the stability of the photoelectrode in all electrochemical media over 12 hours of experimental condition. Moreover, it is also observed that the TiO₂/Si photoelectrode is less responsive to the pH value of the electrolyte. The electrochemical findings are explained on the basis of the electronic properties of the TiO₂ layer. The electronic band gap obtained from spectroscopic measurement and the photoelectrochemical measurements are used to explain the performance and stability of the TiO₂/Si photoelectrodes. The thesis also addresses the stability of Si microstructured photoelectrodes (SiMPs) prepared by an electrochemical method. The stability of the SiMPs deteriorates more rapidly than that one of the planar Si photoelectrode. However, using a protective ALD TiO₂ layer on these SiMPs the overall performance is even more enhanced than on the TiO₂/planar Si system.
This PhD project started from one basic question: whether vacuum technology can be applied to 145kV electrical power system networks as a potential substitution to SF6 technology which has been utilised for decades of practice, due to environment and economic concerns. Possible threats and challenges, which might cause problems for the proposed replacement, are identified mainly in three areas: (1) small inductive current switching, (2) capacitive load current switching and (3) short-line fault switching. Three circuit-breaker programming models, therefore, have been developed based on statistic data provided by breaker manufactures: (1) a maximum di/dt fixed model which has been utilised for small inductive current switching tests and capacitive load current de-energising tests; (2) a dynamic di/dt model adopting from Mayr’s classic arc model for SF6 circuit-breakers which has been utilised for short-line fault tests; and (3) a current making model for capacitive load current energising tests. In a general conclusion, vacuum technology shows its superiority in most of the switching duties although in some rare cases, SF6 technology still stands a chance to break it even. But if we take the environment and economic factors into consideration, vacuum is definitely worth investigating in the future market.