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The material authenticity of cultural heritage has been questioned by societies in which the modern paradigm of conservation has not developed from within the native culture. This paper examines the philosophical and practical traditions in Iran regarding the materiality and authenticity of past structures. By reviewing the emergence of the Western conservation paradigm in Iran, this paper highlights two key factors: the rapidness of this paradigm shift and the remarkable contradiction between the new and old paradigms. By borrowing the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of a ‘body without organs’ (BwO), this paper problematises the rapidness and radicality of the paradigm shift in Iran. It suggests exploring the under-investigated possibilities between the pre-modern and modern paradigms to address the gap between native circumstances and Western standards.
Urban heritage planning in Tehran and beyond : sequences of disrupted spatial-discursive assemblages
(2023)
Despite the impact of ideological rigidity, the primary challenge of heritage planning in Tehran and beyond lies not in the dominance of an inflexible Authorized Heritage Discourse, but rather in the absence of stable spatial-discursive and administrative structures. Solmaz Yadollahi maps the historical trajectory of conservation and urban heritage planning in Iran, depicting a discursive-spatial assemblage that tends to knock down its accumulated resources. This is in line with Katouzian's portrayal of Iran as a pick-axe society. Residing within this society, the studied assemblage strives to deconstruct the prevailing structures and usher in a fresh one, paradoxically perpetuating the very cycle it seeks to escape.
Today, urban conservation scholarship calls for case studies that problematise universal conservation principles in local planning circumstances, particularly in countries from which modern conservation has not originated. In this series of workshops, we discuss singularities of urban conservation and the protection of historic urban areas with local experts who have been directly involved in processes of putting conservation policy documents into practice. We discuss how the planned goals of conservation projects are influenced by unplanned factors such as war, economic and political instability, inter-organisational conflicts, and natural hazards. The discussed cases represent cities with non-western cultural backgrounds that are geographically and culturally interconnected. By discussing urban conservation issues in Ankara, Baghdad, Tehran, Shiraz, Yazd, Kerman, Herat, and Mumbai, we aim to reflect on the functionality of mainstream conservation approaches in local conditions. The speakers share their local insight into obstacles of realising the international conservation models under rapidly changing natural and socio-political conditions. The workshops' moderators are outstanding young academics who have a deep understanding of the discussed issues and have co-planned the sessions with the speakers. This series of events is cooperatively organised by the Chair Urban Management and the DFG Training Group 1913, "Cultural and Technological Significance of Historic Buildings" in the framework of the DFG project, Assembling Iran's Urban Heritage Conservation Policy and Practice: Problematised in Tehran.
In this paper, through a literature review, I clarify the meaning of public space and reflect on theoretical approaches to and methods of assessing the ability of historic public spaces to enhance social sustainability. I explain how the definition of public space and approaches to urban planning share concepts with social sustainability.
Finally, reflecting on examples of empirical research that attempt to
link physical and social components of public spaces, I point out the
methodological strengths and weaknesses in the field.
As the current literature on public space shows, the significant role of public space in enhancing social sustainability is justified – at least theoretically (Yadollahi, 2015). Nevertheless, in empirical research and practice, a more comprehensive methodological framework is required, which takes into account the complexities of local understandings of public space and social sustainability. This paper is a contribution to the development of such a framework.
In the breeding ground of urban growth, master plans are reinvigorating around the world and gain special consideration in African countries. Most of the time urban master plans are developed by mandated (international) firms, which transfer urban design scheme ideas or strategic instruments out of their planning practice. Although this process is common in everyday planning practice, there is a lack of knowledge about the consequences of such planning processes.
The case of Kigali - the capital of Rwanda — reflects these urban planning phenomena. The political will and planning efforts in Kigali for urbanisation are big. City officials are constantly renewing planning policies as well as institutions and have commissioned Surbana International Consultants Pte Ltd from Singapore to develop the city’s Detailed Master Plan (2011-2013).
My research, therefore, discusses institutional innovation (the amount and the extent) in Kigali, resulting from its Detailed Master Plan. The motivation behind my research is to examine the planning diffusion process through urban consultancy, with the goal of bringing analytical and interpretative aspects of the ordinary process of urban consultancy into academic discourse. Combining the concepts of innovation and planning diffusion allows for an understanding of the local consequences of global urban consultancy.
My research analyses the consequences of planning diffusion looking at institutional innovation processes in urban planning of Kigali which can be linked to the implementation of the Detailed Master Plan. The analysis is conducted in two strands. The first is an analysis of innovation resulting from identifying potential and relevant institutional innovations. My work develops an analytical scheme of potential and relevant institutional innovation in order to apply it in the case of urban planning in Kigali. The second strand is an analysis of planning diffusion, which should reveal the origins of potential institutional innovation and illustrate the conceptual term. My research also discusses negative effects of potential innovation and gives recommendations to create relevant institutional innovation.
The main focus of this dissertation is the critical investigation of the bazaars in the commercial cities of Iran. This work deals with the challenges that the bazaars in Iran have been exposed to over the past century in economic, political and social terms. The work explains how an Iranian bazaar is structured and functions as a public space in a modern city. The methodology of this research is designed based on a qualitative approach, with a single case-study strategy. A combination of literature review and spatial ethnographic research techniques are used for data collection. To understand the bazaar as a public place, its cultural, legal, physical and functional dimensions are documented and mapped. This mapping method with the ultimate aim of re-integrating the bazaar with the modern city is the core of this dissertation.