@phdthesis{Ordonez2023, author = {Ordonez, Jose Antonio}, title = {The Political economy of coal and renewable energy : case studies on climate and energy policy in Indonesia and India}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6717}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67178}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This thesis deals with the energy system transformation of coal-dependent developing countries in the context of climate change mitigation. It departs from the hypothesis that phasing-out the unabated use of coal for power generation, while scaling up carbon-free alternatives, represents a major challenge for coal-endowed developing countries and emerging economies. This challenge is constituted in multiple economic, political and societal determinants for sustained and expanded coal-use. This thesis adopts a political economy perspective and examines those determinants in detail. It focuses on how different societal and political actors are affected the use of coal, and interprets the distributional implications of reforms away from coal as key restrictions for their political feasibility. Given the heterogeneity in the historical, socio-economic, political, and institutional characteristics that different countries exhibit, which are hypothesized to impact on the drivers behind coal-use, this thesis adopts a case-study based approach. It focuses on two large Asian economies, Indonesia and India, as coal-endowed emerging economics with a pivotal relevance in global climate protection efforts. Three main chapters represent the core of this thesis. The first main chapter of this thesis examines the political economy of the power sector and coal mining in Indonesia, focusing on the drivers for the continued use of coal for electricity generation. It presents an expert-interview case study, based on the perspective of 90 expert stakeholder in Indonesia´s energy and climate policy, at national and subnational level. The study identifies key societal and political actors behind Indonesia´s energy- and climate policies driving coal-use, spells out their objectives, and examines how these actor-specific interests' effect on energy and climate policies. The second main chapter of this thesis studies the implications of an Indian energy transition away from coal-use along three dimensions: the distributional impacts towards households, the implications for employment, and the impact on competitiveness of industries. The input-output based, distributional- incidence case study analyses the concentration of impacts for key societal groups affected by a coal phase-out and renewable energy phase-in, and its spatial distribution across Indian states and regions. The third main chapter of this thesis studies the cost-competitiveness of renewable energy alternatives to coal in Indonesia. The energy modelling based analysis shows how the cost-optimal composition of Indonesia´s power sector in coming decades would comprise high shares of coal-fired electricity. The three main chapters of this thesis identify political economy challenges to a transition away from coal, outlining how a successful coal phase-out will require focusing on its context-dependent distributional and political implications.}, subject = {Climate and development; Klimawandel; Politische {\"O}konomie; Kohle; Klima und Entwicklung; Climate change; Political economy; Coal; Indonesien; Indien; Klima{\"a}nderung; Klimaschutz; Kohleausstieg; Politische {\"O}konomie; Energiewende}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{KhoshBinGhomash2024, author = {Khosh Bin Ghomash, Shahin}, title = {Significance of storm spatiotemporal variability and movement in flood hydrodynamic modelling}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6724}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67245}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This dissertation aims to explore the impact of various storm properties on computational flood modelling and to propose a method for integrating them into flood risk assessment. It focuses on three key areas: Firstly, it examines within-storm variability, investigating how variations in storm intensity, duration, and spatial distribution affect runoff dynamics. Through a systematic theoretical approach, the study generates synthetic rainfall signals with different hyetograph variabilities and applies them to a hydrodynamic model. The results highlight the significant influence of storm spatiotemporal variability on runoff response, affecting peak discharge, hydrograph shapes, and flooded areas. Temporal variability emerges as particularly dominant, overshadowing spatial variability and other storm properties such as return period and volume. The study emphasizes the spatial dependency of these effects within the drainage network. Secondly, it investigates the role of storm movement in flood modelling, recognizing its potential to alter runoff dynamics and inundation patterns. By generating synthetic rain hyetographs traversing the catchment area at varying velocities and directions, the study shows that storm movement significantly impacts runoff response and flood extents. Higher storm velocities lead to more pronounced peaks and faster runoff onsets, resulting in larger flooded areas. The direction of storm movement plays a crucial role, with storms aligning with the average stream direction causing the highest peaks and flooded areas. The magnitude of this influence varies depending on the location within the catchment. Finally, the dissertation introduces a dynamic spatiotemporal rainfall model aimed at preserving storm event properties. Using an event-based approach, dynamic precipitation events are identified and regenerated, ensuring the conservation of storm spatiotemporal variability and movement characteristics. This facilitates the generation of more physically plausible and spatiotemporally coherent precipitation time series. The model prioritizes user accessibility, offering a practical tool for integrating storm properties into flood computation modelling and risk analysis frameworks. By addressing these aspects of storm behaviour, the dissertation contributes to enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of flood modelling, thereby improving flood risk mitigation efforts.}, subject = {Flash floods; Hydrodynamic modellin; Storm movement; Storm spatiotemporal variability; Rainfall/runoff; Sturzfluten; Hydrodynamische Modellierung; Sturmvariabilit{\"a}t; Sturmbewegung; Hochwasservorhersage; Mathematische Modellierung; Risikoanalyse; Gewitter}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Osagie2023, author = {Osagie, Christian}, title = {Reliability assessment of onshore pipelines based on Bayesian inference}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6733}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67338}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Reliability assessment of pipeline failure factors has become a major concern for industrial firms involved in the transmission of oil and gas, where the requirement to limit these failure factors and their consequences, such as maintenance costs, is particularly significant. Pipelines were constructed throughout time to include safety precautions in order to offer a theoretical minimal failure rate for the pipeline's whole life. This strategy also includes the management of various failure causes as well as routine-based maintenance to assure the dependability of pipelines during their service life. However, the requirement to reduce the impact of these failure factors on pipelines has bolstered the use of reliability evaluation of failure factors on petroleum pipelines. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of oil pipelines in Nigeria, with emphasis on proposing operational and technical changes to enhance their resilience against unexpected failures. The thesis uses the regular Poisson, empirical, and compound Poisson processes to describe the number of common failure causes owing to corrosion, third-party damage, mechanically induced failure, operational mistakes, and natural hazards in repairable systems. The statistical analysis results serve as the foundation for time to failure modeling of petroleum pipelines utilizing Bayesian inference of the three-parameter Exponentiated Weibull distribution. The thesis also includes reliability probabilistic methods for assessing the influence of uncertainties in pipelines by comparing the First order reliability method (FORM) with the Second order reliability method (SORM) with demonstration on five distinct petroleum pipelines. The probability of failure and the reliability index for the five pipelines were calculated, along with the target reliability. Additionally, the influence of specific pipeline design parameters on the probability of failure was analyzed through sensitivity analysis. This analysis helps identify which design factors have the most significant impact on the likelihood of pipeline failure, allowing for more informed decisions in pipeline design and maintenance practices. By understanding these influences, it is possible to enhance the overall reliability and safety of the pipeline infrastructure. The framework developed in this thesis can be applied to enhance the performance of existing pipelines and serve as a good foundation for the design and implementation of new pipelines and similar infrastructures.}, subject = {Uncertainty; Wahrscheinlichkeit; Oil and gas pipelines; Failures; Analysis; Probability; {\"O}l- und Gaspipelines; Ausf{\"a}lle; Analyse; Unsicherheit; Pipeline; Bayes-Verfahren; Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Liedtke2023, author = {Liedtke, Victoria}, title = {Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) as an aid in the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the molecular principles of LEDGF in human cancer cells}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6698}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66988}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered an age-related disease of men with unknown etiopathophysiology. Chronic inflammation represents one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms in this context, and there is also evidence for the involvement of autoimmune responses in an inflammatory environment in the prostate. Conventional therapeutic approaches for BPH are limited; however, immunosuppression by TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-𝛼 blockers seems to reduce symptoms in BPH patients due to the reduction of epithelial hyperplasia and macrophage-triggered inflammation. Therefore, this cumulative dissertation addresses biomarker-based BPH diagnosis by lens epithelium-derived growth factor splice variant 75 kDa (LEDGF/p75). LEDGF/p75 is an autoantigen that is overexpressed in solid tumors and functions as a stress-related transcriptional co-activator. It also plays an important role in cancer and DNA damage repair (DDR). The generation of CRISPR/Cas9-modified HEp-2 LEDGF deficient (KO) and HEp-2 LEDGF/p75 overexpressing (OE) cell lines provided new insights for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer and genetic disorders. Herein, IgG autoantibody reactivity to LEDGF/p75 was detected in patients with prostate cancer (PCa, n=89), bladder cancer (BCa, n=116), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n=103) and blood donors (BD, n=60) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) linear immunoassay (LIA) and Chritidia luciliae immunofluorescence test (CLIFT). In addition, proliferation and migration capacity as well as chemosensitivity of genome-edited cells were determined by optimized all-in-one approach, followed by investigation of DDR signaling pathways by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Surprisingly, no increased binding of autoantibodies (autoAbs) to LEDGF/p75 was detected in cancer patients, but autoAb reactivity to LEDGF/p75 O/E cells was unexpectedly increased in approximately 50\% of patients with BPH. At the molecular level, LEDGF-deficient cells exhibit decreased proliferation and migration and increased sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. A significantly Decreased DNA damage response could also be visualized. New diagnostic capabilities using HEp-2 cells overexpressing LEDGF/p75 or mitochondrial DNA as autoimmune targets could be used to identify BPH patients with autoimmune responses. Furthermore, this Thesis shows that LEDGF is not only involved in the recruitment of DNA damage response proteins, but also affects the proteosomal regulation of DDR signaling molecules.}, subject = {Y-H2AX; LEDGF/p75; CRISPR/Cas9; Prognostic biomarker; DNA damage signaling; Autoimmunity; DNA Reparatur; Darmkrebs; Autoimmunerkrankungen; Autoaggressionskrankheit; Prostatahypertrophie; Autoantigen; DNS-Reparatur}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tetzner2023, author = {Tetzner, Henriette}, title = {Investigations of the electrical activity of defects in group IV and group III-N alloys integrated on Si substrates}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66819}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The hetero-integration of group IV and III-V epitaxial layers on silicon (Si) substrates enables novel devices for optoelectronic and high-power applications. However, lattice and thermal mismachtes lead to an unavoidable formation of defects in hetero-epitaxy. The consideration of these defects is important in semiconductor devices as they affect material properties and impair the device performances. Besides the structural characterization of the unintentional introduced defects and the question of it's origin, it is essential to evaluate their electrical activity in order to describe their impact on the device performance. This work explores the electrical activity of threading dislocations (TDs) in Ge-rich SiGe heterostructures integrated on Si substrates as well as the electrical active defects introduced by the growth of aluminium-nitride (AlN) seed layers for the integration of gallium-nitride (GaN) on Si substrates. I demonstrated a defect-related p-type conductivity of intrinsically grown Si0.06Ge0.94/Ge heterostrcutures that reaffirms previous work of similar intrinsic Ge-based material. Moreover, I detailed the threading dislocation related leakage currents in rectifying devices, revealing a power law dependence on the threading dislocation density (TDD). By a variation of temperature I determined the dominant mechanism of transport of this leakage currents in different temperature regimes, for which I suggested possible interactions with TD related defect states. Through the reduction of leakage currents in the fabricated MOS capacitors I was able to examine an effective carrier concentration of 5-6x1015 cm-3 in the nominally intrinsic Si0.06Ge0.94 epitaxial layer, which decreases down to 1x1015 cm-3 in the Ge buffer underneath. By applying deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) I found one dominant hole trap at mid-gap position confirming the presence of an TD-related effective generation-recombination center. In addition, I investigated the hole trapping kinetics of this defect level and associated it with point defects that are trapped in the strain field around threading dislocations. I obtained insights into defect formation in the Si substrate and at the AlN/Si interface in dependence of the AlN growth temperature. A low temperature growth step prevented a deep in-diffusion of Al atoms into the Si substrate with simultaneous increase of the maximal p-type doping in the vicinity of the AlN/Si interface. Furthermore, I found a bulk hole trap inside the Si substrate at mid-gap position that showed an increase in density by applying a low temperature growth step. In contrast, the defect states at the AlN/Si interface decreased when a low temperature growth step was applied, in comparison to AlN layers grown at continuous high temperatures.}, subject = {Silicon-germanium; Extended defects; Electrical active defects; Silizium-Germanium; Durchstoßversetzungen; Elektrisch aktive Defekte; DLTS; C-V; Siiicium; Germanium; MOS; Gitterbaufehler; Elektrischer Durchbruch}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tluste2023, author = {Tluste, Claudia}, title = {Population ecology of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia L. 1758) in Cottbus, Brandenburg}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6650}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66506}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {By the year 2539 almost 75\% of all freshwater mollusc species within Europe will be lost. The transformation of natural ecosystems, the extension of infrastructure, as well as agriculture are the main threats. The Roman snail (Helix pomatia L. 1758) has been part of human culture for centuries and is protected by law as an endangered species in several regions, and at the same time regarded and treated as a pest, making the conservation of this species difficult. The aim of this thesis was to create a better understanding of H. pomatia and its functional role within the ecosystem. Eight subpopulations were studied regarding its role within the food web, the use of empty shells as a mircohabitat and its influence on vegetation by showing food preferences. The latter, due to the fact, that a strong predation pressure can minimize habitats, which leads to higher pressure on the local vegetation and a limited possibility of shells being used as a microhabitat. First, the relationships between H. pomatia individuals, subpopulations and their predators were analysed. The total number and percentage of shells that showed external attack marks by predators (32\%) and internal utilization marks by Diptera pupae (45\%) were analysed and correlated to morphometric traits of shells. Signs of external attack and internal utilization marks were positively correlated (R = 0.79; P = 0.020). External attacks were more regular in larger shells and internal utilization was more frequent in shells with higher body density. The second chapter focuses on the shells of H. pomatia and their value as microhabitat for shell adopters in different vegetation forms and during two sample periods. Out of 618 collected shells, 91.4 \% were inhabited and the average was 1.5 time higher in summer, than in autumn. The number of shell adopters per shell was 1.5 times higher in herbaceous vegetation, than in areas dominated by trees. Shell width (P = 0.008), but not shell height (P = 0.078) had a significant higher influence. Finally, food preferences of H. pomatia were analysed, showing a pronounced preference for Urtica dioica (35\% of all 697 feeding interactions) and plant litter (44\%). Only 27 out of 143 available plant species were eaten and a literature review confirmed U. dioica as a food plant for 19 other terrestrial snail species. The width and height of the snail shells were related to the feeding height as smaller, juvenile snails fed higher in vegetation (384mm ± 327mm) compared to adult individuals (68mm ± 194mm) (P<0.001). These results highlight the importance of H. pomatia in the studied ecosystem. H. pomatia is an important food source for predators and host for parasitoids, the shells offer habitat and refuge for soil organisms and as a relatively specialized herbivore and decomposer H. pomatia contributes to herbivory and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Hopefully this study may help to motivate future conservation efforts.}, subject = {Helix pomatia; Food web; Ecology; Soil; Malacology; Weinbergschnecke; Nahrungskette; {\"O}kologie; Boden; Malakologie; Weinbergschnecke; Weichtierkunde; {\"O}kosystemforschung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kriger2024, author = {Kriger, Margarita}, title = {Geothermal energy and policy incentive : sustainable development in the agri-food sector. A study of twelve case countries}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6682}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66824}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Due to environmental impacts from anthropomorphic climate change, countries from around the world are committed to an energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources. The heating and cooling sector represents the largest share of total energy consumption globally, not only for domestic use but also for commercial and industrial purposes of which only 11\% is covered by renewable energy. One renewable source, geothermal energy, has the potential to cover much of this demand, particularly heating demand, for the agriculture and food sector. Geothermal use in the agri-food industry continues to be positive overall, yet slow adoption and inconsistent growth have not met its potential as claimed by experts. This trend may be explained by a lack of coherent policy and initiatives from regulating government bodies. This research explores the relationship and the degree of correlation between government support, expressed in terms of policy incentives, and the growth of geothermal energy use in the agri-food sector. Two hypotheses are constructed to test this relationship. The first assumes that government support through policy leads to positive growth in geothermal argi-food, and the second assumes that no relationship exists. The research is a multiple case study of twelve countries from 2010 to 2020. Methods used in this study include Likert summative scale, a statistical and content analysis of secondary sources such as policy documents, laws, and other government acts. The results show a strong correlation between policy incentives and adoption of geothermal energy in agri-food sector. However, only 23\% of growth in capacity in case countries can be explained by the levels of government support. Additionally, not all policies hold equal weight in that they are implemented on different levels of governance (global, national, and local). The study observes that between these three levels, national policies have the most correlative effect on geothermal energy adoption, while global and local policies do not seem to have significant influence. These effects vary but the overall market trends are influenced heavily by leading performers. Countries that show the most growth are - Hungary, Iceland, the Netherlands, and T{\"u}rkiye. They all share strong government support on a national level, targeted policies for geothermal agri-food, and geothermal energy is economically competitive when compared to other forms of energy.}, subject = {Agri-food sector; Staatliche Unterst{\"u}tzung; Government support; Geothermal energy; Sustainable development; Government policies; Geothermie; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft; Staatliche Maßnahmen; Geothermische Energie; Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft; Landwirtschaft; Energiewende; Energiepolitik}, language = {en} } @misc{Chatziandreou2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Chatziandreou, Konstantinos}, title = {Climate governance in World Heritage cities}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66869}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study explores the interplay between the UNESCO status and climate governance in World Heritage cities. With climate change posing significant threats to living urban landscapes, local governments and public actors strive to implement sustainable and resilient strategies. However, complications arise when cities attain the World Heritage status, complicating climate governance practices. Qualitative research, involving interviews with key stakeholders from the Climate and Monument Protection Departments in L{\"u}beck, Regensburg, and Bamberg, reveals a negative impact of cultural heritage on climate governance. The study contends that, when harnessed effectively, cultural heritage can contribute to the sustainability and resilience of cities in addressing climate change. It emphasises the necessity for flexibility, collaboration, and a human-centric approach, advocating for a common understanding and prioritisation of human life within climate governance. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of viewing heritage as a dynamic component integrated into cities' climate governance strategies.}, subject = {Climate change; Climate governance; Cultural heritage; UNESCO; World Heritage cities; Klimawandel; Klimagovernance; Kulturerbe; Welterbest{\"a}dte; Welterbe; Kulturerbe; Klimawandel; Klima{\"a}nderung; Stadtlandschaft; Governance}, language = {en} } @article{BoellmannMartienssen2024, author = {B{\"o}llmann, J{\"o}rg and Martienssen, Marion}, title = {Seasonal variability of cultivable nitrate-reducing and denitrifying bacteria and functional gene copy number in fresh water lake}, series = {microorganisms}, volume = {12}, journal = {microorganisms}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-2607}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12030511}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study describes the seasonal course of denitrifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria in a dimictic mesotrophic lake (Lake Scharm{\"u}tzelsee, Brandenburg, Germany) within a three-year period from 2011 to 2013. The bacterial cell numbers were quantified by the fluorescence microscopy, most probable number (MPN) and PCR-dependent quantification of the chromosomal 16S rDNA and of the nirS and nirK gene copy number. The highest seasonal differences (up to three orders of magnitudes) have been measured usingMPNin the epilimnion. This variation was not reflected by PCR-dependent approaches or direct microscopical enumeration. At adverse conditions (low temperature and/or low nitrate concentrations), the differences between MPN and gene copy numbers increased by up to five orders of magnitudes and decreased to one magnitude at favourable environmental conditions. These results can be explained best by an increasing ratio of viable but not cultivable (VBNC) cells or dead cells at impairing conditions. In the hypolimnion, the courses of MPN and nir gene copy numbers were similar. This can be explained by a higher feeding pressure and therefore smaller amounts of dormant cells. In the pelagial in general, the total cell numbers enumerated by either microscopical or molecular approaches were similar. In the sediment, more than 99\% of the DNA was obviously not related to viable bacteria but was rather DNA in dead cells or adsorbed to particle surfaces.}, subject = {Denitrification; Nitrite reductase; Microscopical cell number; Hypolimnion; Dimictic lake; Denitrifikation; Nitrit-Reduktase; Mikroskopische Zellzahl; Dimiktischer See}, language = {en} } @book{Ceritoglu2023, author = {Ceritoglu, Erdogan Onur}, title = {Salvaging Buildings : reclaiming a livelihood from the excesses of Istanbul's mass urbanization}, publisher = {transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, doi = {10.14361/9783839469248}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, pages = {268}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Turkey's demolition waste management is, to a great extent, dependent on {\c{c}}{\i}kmac{\i}s (reclaimers) who salvage condemned buildings for raw materials and architectural elements. Its urbanization history is full of key moments marked by building demolitions, which became a necessary material resource for informal urbanization. As early as the 1970s, the {\c{c}}{\i}kmac{\i}s helped the gecekondus [squatter houses] by supplying second-hand building materials and construction loans. They managed to turn a lack of infrastructure into an advantage and remain very adaptable to the ever-changing conditions of neo-liberalized urbanization. They depend on solidarity networks and other informal resources. Assemblage thinking helps to redefine the concept of informality, understand the relational dynamics between various actors, and focus on the agency of materials. The empirical data gained from 'follow the thing' ethnographic research in Turkey and Georgia reveals the double lives of {\c{c}}{\i}kmac{\i}s who move between village and city. Additionally, by following the example of a reclaimed window frame's journey from Istanbul to Tbilisi, we can more clearly see the second-hand trade network in the context of urbanization and incremental architecture. In the context of waste's materiality, the empirical part of the research shows the symbiotic relationship between {\c{c}}{\i}kmac{\i}s and the discarded demolition materials.}, subject = {Architecture; Urbanisation; Building salvage; Informality; Turkey; Architektur; Urbanisierung; Bergung von Geb{\"a}uden; Informalit{\"a}t; T{\"u}rkei; Istanbul; Verst{\"a}dterung; Stadtentwicklung; Geb{\"a}ude; Abbruch; Bauabfall; Recycling}, language = {en} }