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A multigroup multitrait-multimethod study in two countries supports the validity of a two-factor higher order model of personality (2012)
Ömer Faruk Şimşek Selda Koydemir Astrid Schütz
Show/Hide Abstract A Questionnaire to Assess Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Children (2010)
Carsten Zoll Sibylle Enz
Empathy measures that involve both cognitive and affective aspects of empathy are scarce. The aim of the work presented in this paper was to develop an instrument for the assessment of both aspects of dispositional empathy in children aged eight to fourteen, based on a variety of existing measures and results from the validation of a first preliminary version.
Show/Hide Abstract A Process for Identifying Predictive Correlation Patterns in Service Management Systems (2010)
Werner Zirkel Guido Wirtz
By using the remote functions of a modern IT service management system infrastructure, it is possible to analyze huge amounts of logfile data from complex technical equipment. This enables a service provider to predict failures of connected equipment before they happen. The problem most providers face in this context is finding a needle in a haystack - the obtained amount of data turns out to be too large to be analyzed manually. This report describes a process to find suitable predictive patterns in log files for the detection of upcoming critical situations. The identification process may serve as a hands-on guide. It describes how to connect statistical means, data mining algorithms and expert domain knowledge in the domain of service management. The process was developed in a research project which is currently being carried out within the Siemens Healthcare service organization. The project deals with two main aspects: First, the identification of predictive patterns in existing service data and second, the architecture of an autonomous agent which is able to correlate such patterns. This paper summarizes the results of the first project challenge. The identification process was tested successfully in a proof of concept for several Siemens Healthcare products.
Show/Hide Abstract Morphological operators for segmentation of high contrast textured regions in remotely sensed imagery (2012)
Igor Zingman Dietmar Saupe Karsten Lambers
We develop a transformation based on morphological filters that measures the contrast of image texture. This ransforma tion is proportional to texture contrast, but insensitive to its specific type. Though the transformation provides a high response in textured areas, it suppresses individual high contrast features that stand apart from textured areas. It can serve as an effective texture descriptor for unsupervised or supervised segmentation of textured regions, provides high accuracy of localization and does not involve heavy computations. The method is robust to variations of illumination and works on different types of images without needing to be tuned. The only parameter is a scale related parameter. We illustrate the use of the proposed method on satellite and aerial images.
Show/Hide Abstract Detection of texture and isolated features using alternating morphological filters (2013)
Igor Zingman Dietmar Saupe Karsten Lambers
Recently, we introduced a morphological texture contrast (MTC) operator that allows detection of textural and non-texture regions in images. In this paper we provide comparison of the MTC with other available techniques. We show that, in contrast to other approaches, the MTC discriminates between texture details and isolated features, and does not extend borders of texture regions. Using the ideas underlying the MTC operator, we develop a complementary operator called morphological feature contrast (MFC) that allows extraction of isolated features while not being confused by texture details. We illustrate an application of the MFC operator for extraction of isolated bjects such as individual trees or buildings that should be distinguished from forests or urban centers. We furthermore provide an example of how this operator can be used for detection of isolated linear structures. We also derive an extended version of the MFC that works with vector-valued images.
Show/Hide Abstract Learn a Word Learning Constraint: Emergence of the Taxonomic Constraint and its Relationship with Early Word Acquisition (2007)
Dajie Zhang
This research systematically investigated the emergence and development of an assumed word learning constraint - the taxonomic constraint. The constraint has been proposed to account for young children’s rapid noun learning. It has been well demonstrated in children at 2 years of age or older. Only few studies have been conducted with younger infants. The origin and the starting point of the constraint are in debate. The current research sampled infants aged from 9 months to 18 months. It was explored how the constraint that is supposed to facilitate word learning may emerge during this period, where significant changes take place in language and cognitive development. It was investigated whether the evolvement of the constraint interacts with infants' language development. Two lines of experiments were conducted. First, infants at 9 and 12 months of age were sampled. A series of bottom-up categorization tasks and word-extension tasks were conducted. It was explored whether a precursor of the taxonomic constraint might already be evident at the early stage of language acquisition. Second, infants at 15 and 18 months of age were sampled. A top-down match-to-sample task was conducted. It was investigated whether the taxonomic constraint emerges during this period. The two lines of experiments have converged to suggest that the assumed taxonomic constraint emerges gradually as young infants acquire language. Shortly after word production begins, a precursor of the constraint is evident. By the time infants begin to more efficiently expand their productive language, they benefit from the taxonomic constraint to learn novel words. The emergence and the development of the constraint seem to be closely related to the status of infants' language development.
Show/Hide Abstract Patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment in France since the early 1990s (2012)
Simone Zdrojewski
This dissertation investigates patterns and changes in young people’s labor market entry and their early career establishment processes in France since the 1990s when globalization and the related rise in employment flexibility started to increase. Due to the high-quality data available for France, it was possible to investigate this issue empirically at great depth and from different perspectives. As a result, a variety of findings merge to form a picture of youths in transition. The longitudinal data were collected retrospectively on a monthly basis and covered the first three to five years after leaving the educational or apprenticeship system. The sample size consists of more than 60,000 young people. The data was analyzed using techniques of event history modelling. The main part of the dissertation features a conceptual chapter explaining the theoretical background as well as an introduction to three empirical studies. The first empirical study focuses on general patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment processes since the 1990s. The second empirical study is a detailed investigation of the situation of young migrants in the French labor market. The large sample size permits representative analyses of several migrant groups (interethnic differentiation) and first- versus second-generation migrants (intraethnic differentiation). The aim is to detect whether young migrants with the same human capital, i.e. identical educational certificates and social backgrounds, as their French counterparts have the same opportunities in the French labor market or whether they are particularly disadvantaged by labor market flexibilization measures and confronted with practices of labor market discrimination. The third empirical study addresses the role of vocational training in France. France has a long tradition of general diplomas rather than a dual system, like in Germany. This makes it particularly interesting to analyze the outcomes of the vocational training reforms in times of increasing labor market flexibilization
Enhancing the Quality of Volunteered Geographic Information: A Constraint-Based Approach (2012)
Olga Yanenko Christoph Schlieder
Parental risk attitudes and children's secondary school track choice (2012)
Oliver Wölfel Guido Heineck
Hazardous alcohol levels in adolescents are underestimated by barkeepers and security personnel (2012)
Mara Wurdak Tobias Dörfler Julia Mentz Anika Schmidt Jörg Wolstein

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