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  • Sandra Schwimbersky (3)
  • Bodo Herzog (1)
  • Monika Sander (1)

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  • 2004 (2)
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  • Artikel in einem Sammelwerk / Postprint (3)
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  • English (5) (remove)

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  • Graduiertenkolleg Märkte und Sozialräume in Europa (5) (remove)

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Show/Hide Abstract Migration and Health - Empirical Analyses based on the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) (2009)
Monika Sander
The so-called 'healthy immigrant effect' (HIE) is one of the most striking findings concerning immigrants and their health status. It is usually said to consist of two parts: According to the first part, immigrants upon arrival are on average healthier than their native peers. This finding is mostly explained by self-selection among their origin population. The idea is that healthier individuals are more likely to migrate as they are more able to reap the reward of the investment ‘migration’ than less healthy individuals. However, according to the second part, this health gap between immigrants and natives closes after a relatively short period of time, and the health of immigrants is converging to that of the natives or is getting even worse. This gradient of immigrants’ health has been found in many countries (e.g., Australia, Canada, and the United States) and for many different measures of health (e.g., self-rated health, chronic diseases). The causes for this decline in immigrants’ health are subject to ongoing research, but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. In literature, several different explanations are discussed: The adoption of destination-country habits and lifestyles, the structural and material relationship between a low socio-economic status and poor health, additional stress due to the migration process, persistent barriers to access to health care due to cultural or language factors, as well as a kind of 'statistical artefact' due to selection effects caused by return migration. As health is a rather complex concept, one can assume that none of the proposed explanations can solely explain the decline in immigrants’ health, but rather that the health deterioration is a result of different interacting causes. This thesis investigates three of the proposed possible explanations for a decline in immigrants’ health, namely return migration, the adoption of destination-country habits and lifestyles, and immigrants’ access to health care and utilisation of health care services.
Show/Hide Abstract Fiscal-Monetary Interaction and the Stability and Growth Pact in the European Monetary Union (2005)
Bodo Herzog
This study is a collection of essays on monetary-fiscal interactions within the European Monetary Union (EMU). Our research focuses on a theoretical evaluation of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and its huge reform debate. The topics chosen are not on the top economists' agenda because the whole field of research has been too young and has not fully been developed, since the beginning of the Monetary Union, in 1999. We analyze the Stability and Growth Pact in new and extended theoretical model frameworks. We ask the following questions on the 'political agenda': 1. What is an optimal fiscal rule in a monetary union? 2. What are internal constraints in a monetary union? 3. Why do larger countries have more problems with the SGP? Our theoretical findings lead us to elaborate a "new" reform proposal on the Stability and Growth Pact. We find a mechanism that allows for a more efficient and credible enforcement of the SGP than in the old and meanwhile reformed Stability Pact. Our aim of providing a comprehensive overview of the fiscal architecture of the EMU is feasible only by means of a close link between methods of economics and political science. This interdisciplinary approach and new field of research supplies a highly promising way of reaching a deeper insight into the present and future interlockings - both on the national as well as the supranational level.
Show/Hide Abstract European legislation and the European Court of Justice -impacts on worker participation in Europe. Konferenzpapier im Rahmen der IREC "Governance issues in shifting industrial and employment relations" in Utrecht von 26.-28.08.2004 (2004)
Sandra Schwimbersky
Worker participation at the supervisory board has always been subject to controversial debate. It is not the aim of this paper to examine worker participation as to its advantages and disadvantages, but to give the reader an overview of how companies can determine the depth, form and level of worker participation by choosing between different legal structures within the EU. Generally speaking, three alternatives can be identified. First of all, companies that do business across boarders in the EU/EEA and are organised as joint-stock companies may establish a European Company (Societas Europaea = SE) from October 8th, 2004 on. The Council of Ministers has agreed on the European Company Statute during the Nice Summit in December 2000 after more than 30 years of controversial debate. In this context two legal instruments have been enacted, the council regulation (No. 2157/2001) on the Statute for a European Company, which rules the internal corporate governance structure of the SE, and the council directive (2001/86/EC) supplementing the Statute for a European Company with regard to the involvement of employees on the company level, which emphasises voluntary negotiations between employees' representatives, a so-called special negotiating body, and the management. The negotiation's outcome primarily depends on the negotiating skills of the parties involved. If no agreement is achieved, the management, however, still wants to establish a SE, standard rules are applied that are specified in the Annex of the Directive. Secondly, companies continuously organise their activities by choosing a legal form that is provided by national law. According to rulings as to freedom of establishment by the ECJ, member states have to recognise companies that have been established according to legal provisions in another member state as long as this member state follows incorporation theory. This means, for instance, for the management that it may establish a British private limited company. Then the ltd. can even transfer its administrative centre to Germany. In order to do business there, the ltd. must be registered in the German commercial register. Consequently, German legislation regarding worker participation at the company level cannot be applied. Finally, the proposal for a EU directive on cross-border mergers of companies with share capital is mentioned in this context. The proposal provides two alternatives concerning worker participation in the case of a merger. On the one hand, one ore more companies participating are subject to any form of worker participation so far and there are no national provisions on worker participation in the member state, where the new company is incorporated. In this case a procedure in accordance with the SE Directive will have to be established. On the other hand, the member state, in which the new company is incorporated, offers national provisions regarding worker participation. They will have to be applied in consequence. In sum, the above-mentioned organisational alternatives might put considerable pressure on the different industrial relations systems persistent in the EU. In the long run, this pressure might result in a convergence not only of the industrial relations systems but also of the corporate governance systems.
Show/Hide Abstract The European Company and current European Court of Justice rulings on the freedom of establishment - Consistent European regulations? Arbeitspapier präsentiert im Rahmen eines Workshops an der Universität Bamberg von 19.-20. November 2004 (2004)
Sandra Schwimbersky
Companies doing cross-boarder business in Europe can choose between several national and European legal alternatives. In the centre of this paper, are two of them: alternatives provided by the freedom of establishment and the European Company Statute. The focus of this paper is not on the practical implications of these two action alternatives for enterprises, but on the judicial issues arising in this context. After presenting the current rulings of the European Court of Justice regarding the freedom of establishment and the basic contents of the legal acts, council regulation No. 2157/2001 and council directive No. 2001/86/EC, regarding the European Company (SE), two issues of great importance are examined in this context: the issue of the governing law and the issue of harmonisation. Finally it is presented to the reader to what extent those European provisions are consistent, respectively, restrict one another.
Show/Hide Abstract Worker participation in Europe - Current developments and its impacts on employees outside the EU. Konferenzpapier präsentiert im Rahmen der AIRAANZ Konferenz "Reworking work" in Sydney von 09.-11. February 2005 (2005)
Sandra Schwimbersky
Worker participation has been subject to controversial debate in Europe. Although the member states' traditions in industrial relations and especially in worker participation vary greatly, the Council of Ministers agreed on some directives in this regard, recently: the EWC directive (94/45/EC) and the information/consultation directive (2002/14/EC), and the directive (2001/86/EC) supplementing the Statute for a European Company with regard to the involvement of employees, which emphasises voluntary negotiations between employees' representatives, a so-called special negotiating body, and the management. The latter directive does not only provide information and consultation procedures but also provisions regarding board-level representation. For that reason, the focus of this paper is on the European Company (Societas Europaea = SE). In this context, the fundamental provisions regarding the SE are presented. After discussing some exemplary cases in order to demonstrate the practical implications of this legal initiative regarding employee involvement, some issues arising are examined.

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