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Author

  • Jörg Lenhard (4)
  • Guido Wirtz (3)
  • Simon Harrer (2)
  • Andreas Schönberger (1)
  • Stefan Kolb (1)

Year of publication

  • 2012 (5) (remove)

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  • Konferenzveröffentlichung (3)
  • Dissertation (1)
  • Verschiedenartige Texte (1)

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  • BPEL (3)
  • Adapter (1)
  • B2Bi (1)
  • BPEL and Web Services (1)
  • BPMN (1)
  • Business Process Execution Language ; Online-Publikation (1)
  • Conformance Testing (1)
  • Engine (1)
  • Open Source (1)
  • Orchestration (1)

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  • Lehrstuhl für Praktische Informatik (5) (remove)

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Show/Hide Abstract BPEL Conformance in Open Source Engines (2012)
Simon Harrer Jörg Lenhard Guido Wirtz
More than five years have passed since the final release of the long-desired OASIS standard of a process language for Web Services orchestration, the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The aim of this standard was to establish a universally accepted Web Services orchestration language that forms a core part of service-oriented architectures and, because of standardization, avoids vendor lock-in. By now, several fully conformant engines should have arrived in the market. It is our aim to shed light on this situation and to provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of BPEL upport. We present an evaluation of the standard conformance of five open source BPEL engines. To obtain these results we have developed betsy, a tool that allows for a fully-automatic standard conformance testing of BPEL engines. The results demonstrate that full standard conformance in contemporary engines is still far from given.
Show/Hide Abstract Bridging the Heterogeneity of Orchestrations – A Petri Net–based Integration of BPEL and Windows Workflow (2012)
Stefan Kolb Jörg Lenhard Guido Wirtz
Service orchestrations are a powerful tool for implementing intra– and interorganizational business processes that base on services. Several heterogeneous orchestration languages can be found in contemporary IT landscapes. While the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) is the de facto standard, others gain attention, including Windows Workflow (WF) in the .NET segment. When integrating orchestrations, incompatibilities between them can easily arise. In this paper, we investigate an automated Petri net–based integration between BPEL and WF to solve these issues with behavioral adapter services. We provide a mapping of WF to Open Workflow Nets (oWFNs) and implement it in a compiler. Thereby, we integrate our approach with existing approaches for BPEL and adapter synthesis and validate the integration with a standards–based case study using the two languages.
Show/Hide Abstract Building Orchestrations in B2Bi – The Case of BPEL 2.0 and BPMN 2.0 (2012)
Jörg Lenhard Guido Wirtz
Various approaches for service-oriented business-to-business integration (B2Bi) rely on a top-down development methodology. The starting point is a choreography model which is subsequently partitioned into multiple orchestrations. Most current approaches use the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) for implementing the latter. At the same time, a plethora of other languages, such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) 2.0 process diagrams, is available. As integration partners are free to select the orchestration language of their choice, it should be easy to integrate different orchestration languages with current choreography technology. Language transformation, starting from a suitable format, is a means to achieve this. In this paper, we assess BPEL 2.0 and BPMN 2.0 process diagrams for their suitability for this transformation in a services-based B2Bi setting using a requirements framework identified through a literature study.
Show/Hide Abstract Betsy - A BPEL Engine Test System (2012)
Simon Harrer Jörg Lenhard
More than five years have passed since the final release of the long-desired OASIS standard of a process language for web service orchestration, the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The aim of this standard is to establish a universally accepted orchestration language that forms a core part of current service-oriented architectures and, because of standardisation, avoids vendor lock-in. High expectations, in academia and practice alike, have been set on it. By now, several fully conformant and highly scalable engines should have arrived in the market. The perception of many however, is that standard conformance in current engines is far from given. It is our aim to shed light on this situation. In this study, we present the tool betsy, a BPEL Engine Test System that allows for a fully-automatic assessment of the standard conformance of a given BPEL engine. We use it to examine the five most important open source BPEL engines available today. Betsy comes with a large set of engineindependent conformance test cases for assessing BPEL standard conformance. This enables us to give a view of the state of the art in BPEL support.
Show/Hide Abstract The CHORCH Approach: How to Model B2Bi Choreographies for Orchestration Execution (2012)
Andreas Schönberger
The establishment and implementation of cross-organizational business processes is an implication of today's market pressure for efficiency gains. In this context, Business-To-Business integration (B2Bi) focuses on the information integration aspects of business processes. A core task of B2Bi is providing adequate models that capture the message exchanges between integration partners. Following the terminology used in the SOA domain, such models will be called choreographies in the context of this work. Despite the enormous economic importance of B2Bi, existing choreography languages fall short of fulfilling all relevant requirements of B2Bi scenarios. Dedicated B2Bi choreography standards allow for inconsistent outcomes of basic interactions and do not provide unambiguous semantics for advanced interaction models. In contrast to this, more formal or technical choreography languages may provide unambiguous modeling semantics, but do not offer B2Bi domain concepts or an adequate level of abstraction. Defining valid and complete B2Bi choreography models becomes a challenging task in the face of these shortcomings. At the same time, invalid or underspecified choreography definitions are particularly costly considering the organizational setting of B2Bi scenarios. Models are not only needed to bridge the typical gap between business and IT, but also as negotiation means among the business users of the integration partners on the one hand and among the IT experts of the integration partners on the other. Misunderstandings between any two negotiation partners potentially affect the agreements between all other negotiation partners. The CHORCH approach offers tailored support for B2Bi by combining the strengths of both dedicated B2Bi standards and formal rigor. As choreography specification format, the ebXML Business Process Specification Schema (ebBP) standard is used. ebBP provides dedicated B2Bi domain concepts such as so-called BusinessTransactions (BTs) that abstractly specify the exchange of a request business document and an optional response business document. In addition, ebBP provides a format for specifying the sequence of BT executions for capturing complex interaction scenarios. CHORCH improves the offering of ebBP in several ways. Firstly, the execution model of BTs which allows for inconsistent outcomes among the integration partners is redefined such that only consistent outcomes are possible. Secondly, two binary choreography styles are defined as B2Bi implementation contract format in order to streamline implementation projects. Both choreography styles are formalized and provided with a formal execution semantics for ensuring unambiguity. In addition, validity criteria are defined that ensure implementability using BPEL-based orchestrations. Thirdly, the analysis of the synchronization dependencies of complex B2Bi scenarios is supported by means of a multi-party choreography style combined with an analysis framework. This choreography style also is formalized and standard state machine semantics are reused in order to ensure unambiguity. Moreover, validity criteria are defined that allow for analyzing corresponding models for typical multi-party choreography issues. Altogether, CHORCH provides choreography styles that are B2Bi adequate, simple, unambiguous, and implementable. The choreography styles are B2Bi adequate in providing B2Bi domain concepts, in abstracting from low-level implementation details and in covering the majority of real-world B2Bi scenarios. Simplicity is fostered by using state machines as underlying specification paradigm. This allows for thinking in the states of a B2Bi scenario and for simple control flow structures. Unambiguity is provided by formal execution semantics whereas implementability (for the binary choreography styles) is ensured by providing mapping rules to BPEL-based implementations. The validation of CHORCH's choreography styles is performed in a twofold way. Firstly, the implementation of the binary choreography styles based on Web Services and BPEL technology is demonstrated which proves implementability using relatively low-cost technologies. Moreover, the analysis algorithms for the multi-party choreography styles are validated using a Java-based prototype. Secondly, an abstract visualization of the choreography styles based on BPMN is provided that abstracts from the technicalities of the ebBP standard. This proves the amenability of CHORCH to development methods that start out with visual models. CHORCH defines how to use BPMN choreographies for the purpose of B2Bi choreography modeling and translates the formal rules for choreography validity into simple composition rules that demonstrate valid ways of connecting the respective modeling constructs. In summary, CHORCH allows integration partners to start out with a high-level visual model of their interactions in BPMN that identifies the types and sequences of the BusinessTransactions to be used. For multi-party choreographies, a framework for analyzing synchronization dependencies then is available. For binary choreographies, an ebBP refinement can be derived that fills in the technical parameters that are needed for deriving the implementation. Finally, Web Services and BPEL based implementations can be generated. Thus, CHORCH allows for stepwise closing the semantic gap between the information perspective of business process models and the corresponding implementations. It is noteworthy that CHORCH uses international standards throughout all relevant layers, i.e., BPMN, ebBP, Web Services and BPEL, which helps in bridging the heterogeneous IT landscapes of B2Bi partners. In addition, the adoption of core CHORCH deliverables as international standards of the RosettaNet community give testament to the practical relevance and promise dissemination throughout the B2Bi community.

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