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The business, IT interface: a major success factor for operational alignment : case study perspectives on social and organizational structures (2013)
Katja Walentowitz
Organizational adaptation to discontinuous technological change : the effects of family influence and organizational identity (2013)
Nadine Kammerlander
The culture of enterprise in neoliberalism : specters of entrepreneurship (2013)
Tomas Marttila
Show/Hide Abstract Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): An Empirical Evaluation of Characteristics, Adoption Determinants, Governance Mechanisms, and Business Impact in the German Service Industry (2012)
Nils Joachim
Since the first introduction of the term Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) by Gartner analysts in 1996, the idea of service orientation of IS architectures including SOA and its supporting technologies has become a widely adopted concept both in industry and research. SOA leverages the principles of object-oriented and component-oriented programming not only for the development of single systems but for entire system landscapes by adding a new service layer consisting of loosely coupled modular services. In recent years, a number of definitions for SOA appeared that varied with respect to their scope. Researchers applied the concept of service orientation not only for designing business application systems (i.e., a narrow scope of SOA), but also for designing the business architecture and so introduced the concept of a “Service-Oriented Enterprise (SOE)”. Early SOA research focused on technical aspects regarding the characteristics of SOA. However, while providing a solid technological base for implementing SOA, the business perspective on SOA has been largely neglected and gained increasing attention in recent years. Even though recent research has already increased the understanding of SOA from a business perspective, researchers struggle to provide theoretical foundations as well as to apply quantitative empirical research to investigate the relationships on a larger empirical basis. The cumulative dissertation thesis at hand addresses these areas by drawing on a multi-theoretical foundation and applying a multi-method approach in order to address the following research directions: Adoption: Why and under what circumstances do organizations introduce SOA? Business impact: What are the benefits resulting from SOA? Governance: How should SOA introduction and management be governed to achieve the benefits? These research directions are targeted by the eight research articles included in this dissertation thesis following a quantitative approach. First, the foundation for the thesis is laid by reviewing the literature and identifying research questions. Next, nine case studies were conducted to understand SOA adoption, its implications for the organization as well as the used governance mechanisms in depth, and to refine the research models based on further insights from practice. Third, necessary prerequisites for applying quantitative methods are developed in terms of conceptualizing SOA adoption and developing measurement instruments for SOA adoption and SOA maturity based on their characteristics. Based on this preliminary work the developed research models that draw on different theoretical foundations – e.g., modular systems theory, dynamic capabilities theory (DCT), or the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework – were tested using quantitative methods. Besides different theoretical foundations, the individual papers leverage different statistical analyses, such as structural equation modeling (SEM), factor analysis, or cluster analysis. For our quantitative analyses, we used the data of 247 participating organizations collected through a survey carried out in the German service industry. The results of the analyses are documented in eight research articles that are partly published and partly under review at international journals. Five different approaches to SOA adoption are identified: no SOA adoption, service-oriented business architecture, medium extent among all four SOA dimensions, medium extent with high service orientation of IS architecture, and high extent among all four SOA dimensions. SOA adoption is based predominantly on organizational prerequisites such as IT employees’ IT expertise, top management support, and the compatibility of SOA with an organization’s IT setting. Further determinants are relative advantage, costs, and organization size. Notably, the complexity of implementing SOA is seen as a cost driver but not as an inhibitor. The results show that an organization’s SOA adoption is also influenced by observable SOA adoption from other firms (“same group”, i.e., management fad) and from media, consultants and other sources (“outside group”, i.e., management fashion). This thesis offers a theoretical and empirical explanation for SOA’s business impact. The results substantiate the oft-proclaimed business value discussion of SOA by showing quantitatively significant relationships between the degree of SOA and business-relevant value dimensions in terms of reducing costs and increasing business agility, data quality, process monitoring, internal straight-through processing (STP), and business-to-business (B2B) integration of processes. Also, we offer a theoretical foundation by drawing on the concept of dynamic capabilities to argue theoretically and to show empirically that IT flexibility is a meaningful explanatory factor for SOA’s business value. Further, the results show a diminishing marginal utility of increasing SOA maturity. In addition, this is the first study that conceptualizes and empirically evaluates a measurement instrument for business process management (BPM) and offers first insights into how BPM and SOA jointly affect business process quality. Moreover, SOA is identified to be a good foundation for business process outsourcing (BPO) as it increases related benefits and flexibility while reducing associated risks. This thesis offers an evidence-based contribution to the discussion of the role of SOA governance mechanisms and a validated measurement model that is useful when bringing together managerial and technical perspectives regarding service orientation. Notably, establishing new SOA decision-making bodies, such as the often called for SOA centers of excellence (CoE), hampers modularity, integration and reuse in the beginning. Thus, one important managerial result is that organizations do not necessarily need to implement new decision-making bodies but should prefer adapting existing ones. Among others, standards, employee qualification, and IT/business communication are important for these purposes. Managers pursuing better IT scalability are also well advised to follow this recommendation, as these three mechanisms (but only these of the investigated) also drive scalability. For improving modularity, clear service development processes and the collaborative work of business units are applicable governance mechanisms. Further, the findings suggest that managers should not hope for better alignment automatically following the SOA implementation, but instead explicitly implement management actions that facilitate collaboration between business and IT as this further improves the outcomes of implementing SOA. Answering these research questions contributes to theory in multiple ways by offering theoretical and empirical explanations for the determinants of SOA adoption, governance mechanisms, and SOA’s business impact, as well as providing a newly developed multidimensional SOA research concept and a measurement instrument for SOA maturity. Moreover, answering these research questions also contributes to a topic of high practical relevance. According to Forrester Research, 84% of the global 2,000 enterprises (i.e., organizations with 20,000 or more employees) use SOA. Despite the high rate of SOA adoption among very large organizations the same study shows that only 12 percent of the global 2,000 enterprises achieve the intended SOA benefits. Thus, insights into questions surrounding important adoption determinants for implementing SOA, SOA’s realistic potential business impact, and effective SOA governance mechanisms are of particular importance for managers, especially given that typically there is a high cost associated with introducing SOA.
Soil-borne gaseous C- and N-isotopic fluxes in a Bavarian spruce forest ecosystem (2011)
Katja Kothieringer
Show/Hide Abstract Using Agent-Based Modeling to Explore the Dynamics of Financial Markets and the Potential for Regulation (2012)
Björn-Christopher Witte
The present cumulative dissertation comprises five contributions in the area of agent-based modeling of financial markets. The contributions can be outlined as follows: • Contribution 1 focuses the influence of the frequency of publication of fundamental information on market dynamics and efficiency. • Contribution 2 investigates the question of Contribution 1 with respect to three existing financial market models. The goal is to stress test the robustness of the results and to create a more profound understanding of relevant variables. • Contribution 3, analyzes the influence of competitive conditions on the risk-preference of agents. The study is based on an evolutionary model which uses a genetic algorithm. As a practical example, the professional competition between fund-managers is considered. • In Contribution 4, a model is developed in which intelligent agents are able to identify systematic patterns in prices and to exploit them. This behavior produces a chaotic evolution of prices – a central statistical property of financial markets. Artificial intelligence is achieved by means of an Artificial Neuronal Network. • Contribution 5 has been created on behalf of the Bank of England. The goal is to identify the influence of high frequency trading on market dynamics. The model used in this study is characterized by a relatively realistic mechanism of trading and is validated in a quantitative way against eight statistical indicators.
Show/Hide Abstract Resistance to IT-induced Change - Theoretical Foundation and Empirical Evidence (2012)
Sven Laumer
In this PhD thesis the question “Why do people reject technologies?” is investigated and a variety of theoretical founded and empirical evaluated answers are given. Too many IT implementation and organizational change projects in firms still fail as the underling Information Systems are inadequately used. The thesis evaluates the reasons for user resistance behavior including individual characteristics such as personality traits, process characteristics, technology characteristics, and characteristics of the change process. Moreover, it can be shown that user resistance is not only related to the observed usage behavior, but also in work- and process-related consequences. The results contribute not only to IT adoption and change management literature, but also to the literature on Human Resources Information Systems (HRIS) as the thesis investigates employees’ reactions to information systems in HR departments.
Show/Hide Abstract Linked Lives Within Families and Across Generations (2012)
Thomas Leopold
Dramatic improvements in life expectancy coupled with declines in fertility have profoundly changed the structure of families. The number of living generations has increased whereas the size of each generation has decreased. One of the most important implications of this transformation “from pyramids to beanpoles” are longer years of shared lives between the generations. As a result, there is a remarkable increase in the availability of intergenerational kin as family resources and an extended period for supportive exchanges across the life course. These current and projected trends are changing the face of families and will possibly lead to shifts in the supportive behavior between the generations. This raises a variety of new questions about the nature and dynamics of intergenerational linkages, in particular with regard to the provision of instrumental assistance. How do family support systems adapt to future demographic, social, and economic conditions in ageing societies? More specifically, how do parents support their offspring’s passage to independence and protect them against the risks of contemporary life courses? Conversely, can future cohorts of elderly parents rely on their children to provide help and care in later life? This dissertation addresses these questions based on an integrative conceptual framework comprised of four analytical principles: A comprehensive life course perspective on intergenerational ties, covering multiple actors within families, considering the complexity of their relationships, and investigating the mechanisms that govern their supportive behavior. Five studies examine multiple transitions across the family life course, from leaving home to parental caregiving, thus covering and linking early, middle, and late periods of intergenerational relationships. The overarching goals of this dissertation are to enrich theoretical models guiding the study of intergenerational relationships, to advance our understanding of supportive behavior within families, and to close important gaps in the empirical literature by analyzing multiple linkages across the shared lifetime of parents and their adult children.
Show/Hide Abstract Patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment in France since the early 1990s (2012)
Simone Zdrojewski
This dissertation investigates patterns and changes in young people’s labor market entry and their early career establishment processes in France since the 1990s when globalization and the related rise in employment flexibility started to increase. Due to the high-quality data available for France, it was possible to investigate this issue empirically at great depth and from different perspectives. As a result, a variety of findings merge to form a picture of youths in transition. The longitudinal data were collected retrospectively on a monthly basis and covered the first three to five years after leaving the educational or apprenticeship system. The sample size consists of more than 60,000 young people. The data was analyzed using techniques of event history modelling. The main part of the dissertation features a conceptual chapter explaining the theoretical background as well as an introduction to three empirical studies. The first empirical study focuses on general patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment processes since the 1990s. The second empirical study is a detailed investigation of the situation of young migrants in the French labor market. The large sample size permits representative analyses of several migrant groups (interethnic differentiation) and first- versus second-generation migrants (intraethnic differentiation). The aim is to detect whether young migrants with the same human capital, i.e. identical educational certificates and social backgrounds, as their French counterparts have the same opportunities in the French labor market or whether they are particularly disadvantaged by labor market flexibilization measures and confronted with practices of labor market discrimination. The third empirical study addresses the role of vocational training in France. France has a long tradition of general diplomas rather than a dual system, like in Germany. This makes it particularly interesting to analyze the outcomes of the vocational training reforms in times of increasing labor market flexibilization
Show/Hide Abstract The Doctrine of Resurrection and the Challenge of Traditional Igbo (African) Eschatology (2012)
Matthew Anyanwu
The writing of this book is motivated by the pastoral reforms of the second Vatican Council. One of the expectations of the council was the ‘descent’ of the ‘second Pentecost’ to achieve a bigger and better church. One of the fruits of the council was openness; the church became docile to the values found in other religions to the advantage of the development of theology. This means that any theology in the present that takes the pastoral reforms of the council for granted risks the danger of compromising the real growth of faith. In recognition of the values found in other religions, this book treats one of the topics of religious concern, the issue of eschatology. The author tries to define resurrection which is a Christian article of faith from the Igbo traditional perspective of Ilo-uwa (reincarnation?). In trying to make a clear distinction between the Asian form of reincarnation and Ilo-uwa, this thesis pays greater attention to the internal and external dynamics of the meaning of the concept Ilo-uwa. There are two major reasons for addressing this topic. The very first reason is complementarity. It is the opinion of the author of this book that there are certain values in African religions that could either enrich or compliment the Christian religious values, for instance, the belief in the living-dead. Secondly, this book suggests an appropriate definition of some Igbo traditional values including eschatology. The survival of the Igbo Church depends on the understanding of some of these values and the practical way to do this is through evangelization via inculturation.

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