TY - JOUR A1 - Radkiewicz, Pjotr A1 - Skarżyńska, Krystyna T1 - Freedom, Freedom ... but What Kind of Freedom? Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sense of Freedom as Predictors of Preferences for Political Community and Attitudes Towards Democracy JF - Social Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 3 (2019), pp. 1-27. [Online ISSN 2569-653X] [doi.org/10.32872/spb.v14i3.37565] N2 - In theoretical considerations on democracy freedom is sometimes understood in unconditional and conditional terms. This general distinction underlies I. Berlin's concept of negative and positive freedom, and E. Fromm's concept of >freedom from< and >freedom to<. The authors of this paper introduce the concept of extrinsic and intrinsic sense of freedom which is meant to be psychological representation of the philosophical distinction on unconditional and conditional freedom, respectively. An extrinsic freedom results from a lack of external restrictions/barriers, whereas intrinsic freedom is based on the belief that being free means compatibility between one's own actions and preferred values, life goals or worldview. Based on nationwide survey data, the authors show that both forms of freedom are embedded in entirely different basic human values and moral intuitions. Further, it is shown that intrinsic freedom negatively predicts liberal orientation and clearly favors communitarian orientation, whereas extrinsic freedom clearly favors liberal orientation. The authors argue that both forms of experiencing freedom have different effects on support for the principles of liberal democracy. The positive effect of extrinsic freedom is indirect, i.e., entirely mediated by liberal orientation. On the other hand, the effect of intrinsic freedom can be decomposed into three components: a) as a positive direct effect, b) as a positive indirect effect (by strengthening the communitarian orientation), and c) as a negative indirect effect (by weakening the liberal orientation). In conclusion, the consequences of intrinsic and extrinsic freedom are discussed in the light of their relationships with support for democratic principles. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cawood, Helen-Mary T1 - Fromm’s ethic of solidarity and the potential for critical communitarianism JF - South African Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 38, No. 2 (2019), pp. 166-179. [Online ISSN 2073-4867] [doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1625187] N2 - It can be (and has been) claimed that one of the central thematic concerns in Erich Fromm’s immense body of critical work is the exposition of a new >radical< humanist ethic, based upon the normative foundations of human solidarity/relatedness and love. The role of community in this ethic is vital, as Fromm argues for the existence of an intrinsically human need for belonging and communion. According to Fromm, the breakdown of traditional societies in modernity and the adoption of strong anti-traditionalist paradigms in both liberalism and Marxism has paradoxically led to the desire in the contemporary individual to >escape< this freedom, too often resulting in an uncritical adoption of what Eric Hobsbawm calls >invented traditions< in order to rediscover a shared sense of humankind. This article therefore contends that 1) Fromm advocates a form of >critical communitarianism<; and 2) that critical communitarianism can provide a strong foundation for an ethical confrontation with neoliberal modernity, and thereby a reconsidered form of community through human solidarity. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Rui T1 - On the Contradictions of Human Nature in Yu Hua's Literary Work [论余华文学作品中的人性矛盾] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Business [商], No. 46 (2015), pp. 133, 120. N2 - 余华关注于文明遮挡下的原始人性,通过零度感情的笔触对暴力和死亡的描写,反映了生存的荒诞性和生命的坚韧,折射出人性的种种可能,本文通过弗洛姆的人性理论对余华作品中呈现的原生态人性进行分析梳理,以新的视角,由人性切入,对余华作品进行重新审视 ] N2 - Yu Hua focuses on the primitive humanity hidden by civilization. Through the zero-degree emotional brushstrokes, the description of violence and death reflects the absurdity of survival and the tenacity of life, and reflects the various possibilities of human nature. This article uses Fromm's theory of human nature to discuss Yu Hua. The original ecological human nature presented in the works is analyzed and combed, and Yu Hua’s works are re-examined from a new perspective and cut from human nature. [Automatic translation Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loewy, Michael T1 - Anticapitalist Readings of Weber’s Protestant Ethic: Ernst Bloch, Walter Benjamin, György Lukacs, Erich Fromm JF - International Conference for Religion and Politics in the Secular World, October 10, 2009, Shanghai, in: Proceedings of the International Conference for Religion and Politics in the Secular World, Shanghai, China. N2 - This paper will try to analyze a curious intellectual phenomena: a group of Jewish-German authors that developed, during the Weimar Republic, a radical anti-capitalist and anti-protestant argument, directly inspired by Weber’s Protestant Ethic. They did not hesitate to denounce capitalism as a sort of diabolic religion (Ernst Bloch, Walter Benjamin),or as the product of the evil ethical tendencies of Calvinism (Ernst Bloch, Erich Fromm). Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ou, Yangqian T1 - 弗洛姆的規範人本主義及其生命倫理學 – 兼評現代西方人本主義哲學 [Fromm's Normative Humanism and its Bioethics – A Review of Modern Western Humanist Philosophy] JF - 哲學與文化 [Philosophy and Culture], Vol. 23, No. 1 (1996), pp. 1233-1243. Y1 - 1996 ER -